Dialect Detection in School-age Black Children: An Eye-tracking Study

学龄黑人儿童的方言检测：一项眼球追踪研究

• 批准号: 10597841
• 负责人: MONIQUE T MILLS
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10597841
• 关键词: 7 year old; Academic achievement; African American; Age; American; Black race; Child; Clinical; Collaborations; Comprehension; Data; Detection; Development; Diagnostic; Economics; Education; Equation; Evaluation; Exposure to; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Inequality; Interruption; Language; Language Development Disorders; Laws; Lead; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Mainstreaming; Maps; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Positioning Attribute; Production; Public Health; Publications; Reading; Research; Risk; School-Age Population; Schools; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Technology; Testing; Time; Underachievement; Variant; Visual; Washington; bilingualism; clinical practice; density; education cost; educational atmosphere; evidence base; indexing; insight; language processing; ophthalmic examination; phonology; physical conditioning; processing speed; racial disparity; reading ability; screening; skills; social; substance use; visual tracking

PROJECT SUMMARY Gaps in academic achievement lead to gross racial disparities in mental health, physical health, and substance use and abuse and compound inequalities, threatening individual as well as social and national economic well-being. Black children represent one group at substantial risk for educational underachievement due to dialect mismatch effects that can hamper reading performance: Ninety percent Black children speak African American English (AAE) as their primary dialect, yet the learning environment in the school is that of Mainstream American English (MAE). Dialect mismatch effects have been tested using offline measures of language production and comprehension in Black children, ages 5- to 8 years, when reading skills are coming online. However, language production measures cannot expose subtle interruptions in AAE speakers’ comprehension as they learn in MAE. Thus, there is a critical need for measures sensitive to moment-by-moment language processing. In the absence of such methods, the promise of understanding potential educational costs of dialect mismatch effects will likely remain elusive. Our central hypothesis is that school-aged Black children with stronger language skills will be sensitive to violations of phonology and grammar in AAE and MAE, but that school-age children with weaker language skills will show little sensitivity to such violations. Our hypothesis has been formulated based on extant research linking children’s processing speed with language ability. Further, our own pilot data, conducted with White speakers of MAE, demonstrated statistically significant differences in time spent looking at stimuli when language input does or does not contain linguistic violations. We plan to attain the overall objective by pursing the following specific aims: (1) to apply eye-tracking to evaluate sensitivities to violations of phonology and grammar in both MAE and AAE, in 7-year-old Black children; and (2) to determine how well eye-tracking profiles align with measures of language production commonly used in clinical practice. At the completion of the proposed project, our expected outcomes are to have identified key dialect detection profiles of typically-developing Black children. These results will provide a foundational evidence base on dialect detection in young Black children, supplying insights into normative development that have potential applications to the treatment of developmental language disorder.

项目摘要 学术成就的差距导致心理健康，身体健康方面的种族分布总数， 以及物质使用，滥用和复合不平等，威胁个人以及 社会和国家经济福祉。黑人儿童代表一个有很大风险的组 由于方言不匹配效果而导致的教育不足，可能会阻碍阅读 表现：百分之九十的黑人儿童会说非裔美国人英语（AAE） 主要方言，但学校的学习环境是美国主流的。 英语（MAE）。方言不匹配效应已使用脱机语言度量测试 当阅读技巧为5至8岁的黑人儿童的生产和理解 上网。但是，语言生产措施不能暴露于 AAE说话者在MAE中学到的理解。这是对测量的迫切需求 对时刻的语言处理敏感。在没有这种方法的情况下 了解方言不匹配效应的潜在教育成本的承诺可能会 保持难以捉摸。 我们的中心假设是，具有更强语言技能的学龄性黑人儿童将是 对AAE和MAE中违反语音学和语法的行为敏感，但是那个学龄的孩子 具有较弱的语言技能将对这种违规行为显示几乎没有敏感性。我们的假设有 是根据将儿童处理速度与语言联系起来的广泛研究制定的 能力。此外，我们自己的飞行员数据，与毛的白人说话者进行了证明 当语言输入确实或 不包含语言违规。我们计划通过追求 以下具体目的：（1）应用眼睛跟踪以评估对违规的敏感性 7岁的黑人儿童中的Mae和Aae中的语音和语法； （2）到 确定眼睛追踪的曲线与通常的语言生产度量保持一致 用于临床实践。 拟议项目完成时，我们的预期结果将确定密钥 方言检测概况的典型黑人儿童。这些结果将提供 基础证据基于年轻黑人儿童的方言检测，提供了见解 正常发育具有潜在应用于发育的治疗 语言障碍。