Implications of sequential bloodmeals on arbovirus transmission by mosquitoes

Brackney&Armstrong 摘要： 埃及伊蚊是许多人类病原体的主要媒介，包括登革病毒(DENV； 黄病毒科，黄病毒)，寨卡病毒(ZIKV；黄病毒科，黄病毒)，基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV；Togaviridae， 甲型病毒)和黄热病病毒(YFV；黄病毒科，黄病毒)，所有这些病毒都对 世界各地的人类健康。了解这些节肢动物传播的地方性和流行病风险 病毒对公共卫生准备和干预的成功至关重要。昆虫学的一个关键问题 为风险估计提供信息的参数是媒介能力(蚊子感染和 传播虫媒病毒；VC)。量化当地媒介种群的能力可以帮助告知风险 任何一种病原体都会对特定的群落构成威胁。这通常是在实验室里通过暴露在 当地蚊子种群对传染性血粉和在设定时间点采集组织后的反应 感染。虽然这种方法提供了信息，但往往没有考虑到媒介的生物学和行为 蚊子。例如，人们知道野生Ae。埃及伊蚊将在一年内吸食几次血餐 传统的以实验室为基础的媒介能力研究的过程(例如，每两到三天吃一次血餐)。至 为了解决这些缺点，我们最近开始研究多次喂血的影响 对Ae的能力有影响。ZIKV的埃及伊蚊。我们的初步研究结果显示，提供一个 二次非传染性血粉对寨卡病毒感染Ae。埃及伊蚊增强了病毒对 并显著缩短了蚊子从感染ZIKV到传播的时间。在这 我们将研究多次进食对虫媒病毒感染的影响。 通过媒介蚊子传播。具体地说，我们将1)在其他病毒载体中测试这种现象 配对，2)评估中肠基膜在调节双馈表型中的作用和3) 确定类似的过程是否介导了虫媒病毒感染卵巢组织和BE的能力 垂直传播。

Brackney & Armstrong Abstract: Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for a number of human pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus) and yellow fever virus (YFV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), all of which present a continued threat to human health worldwide. Understanding the endemic and epidemic risk of these arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses is critical to the success of public health preparedness and intervention. One key entomological parameter informing risk estimates is vector competence (how able a mosquito is to become infected and transmit an arbovirus; VC). Quantifying the competency of local vector populations can help inform the risk that any one pathogen poses to a given community. This is often quantified in the laboratory by exposing populations of local mosquitoes to an infectious bloodmeal and harvesting tissues at set time-points post infection. While informative, this approach often fails to consider the biology and behavior of the vector mosquito. For example, it is known that wild Ae. aegypti mosquitoes will imbibe several bloodmeals over the course of a traditional laboratory-based vector competence study (e.g. bloodmeal every two to three days). To address these shortcomings, we recently began examining the effects that multiple blood feeding episodes have on the competency of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for ZIKV. Our preliminary findings reveal that providing a second non-infectious bloodmeal to ZIKV infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes enhances viral escape from the midgut and significantly shortens the duration between mosquito acquisition of ZIKV to transmission. In this application we will examine the effects that multiple bloodfeeding episodes have on arbovirus infection of and transmission by vector mosquitoes. Specifically, we will be 1) testing this phenomenon in other virus-vector pairings, 2) evaluating the role of the midgut basal lamina in mediating the double-feed phenotype and 3) determining if similar processes are mediating the ability of arboviruses to infect ovarian tissue and be transmitted vertically.