Impact of Environmental Modifications on Vector Ecology and Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria

项目2 项目总结 环境变化对媒介生态的影响 恶性疟和间日疟的传播和传播 撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数人口面临着持续不断的饥荒威胁。方法 要解决饥荒问题，需要解决导致粮食短缺的根本条件 地方病。建造水坝和灌溉农业农场得到了广泛的认可 作为促进粮食安全和减轻贫困的关键解决方案。大量的水坝， 微型水坝和灌溉农场在过去十年里在非洲得到了发展，许多 正在建设中或正在规划中。这些水资源开发项目是 预计将导致疟疾媒介生态的重大变化。如何更改 然而，媒介生态学对传播动力学的影响尚不清楚。新的干预措施可以 有效遏制疟疾传播的同时增加农业 我们迫切需要生产力。这个项目的中心目标是研究 水资源开发项目环境变化对环境的影响 肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的病媒生态和疟疾传播。中环 假说是疟疾传播动态受到 水资源开发项目带来的环境变化。这些水 资源开发项目创造了更稳定和更多产的养殖场地和 干扰传输。因此，季节性、空间分布、媒介群落 结构和载体能力都会改变。我们提出了四个具体目标：1)评估 水资源开发项目环境变化对 媒介生物学和疟疾传播动力学，2)决定了 环境对媒介种群遗传学和媒介能力的影响，3) 评估最近引入的下一代网络作为公共卫生的一部分的影响 项目对疟疾发病率和媒介杀虫剂抗药性的影响 环境条件；4)建立新型集成载体的成本-效果模型 适用于环境变化较大地区的管理方法。这个 该项目将显著提高我们对环境影响的了解 疟疾媒介生态学及其潜在的生态和遗传学研究进展 改变传播的机制。通过对新产品的成本效益建模 综合媒介干预方法，该项目将提供重要信息， 可以指导未来的现场试验设计，并向政策制定者通报新的疟疾控制 接近了。疟疾室外传播、拟除虫菊酯抗性和环境 修改目前是非常令人关切的，也是需要 全球寻址。因此，我们的结果可以对以下方面产生深远的影响 预防和控制疟疾。

PROJECT 2 PROJECT SUMMARY Impact of Environmental Modifications on Vector Ecology and Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria Most of the population in sub-Saharan Africa faces the constant threat of famine. Approaches to the famine problem need to address the underlying conditions that make food shortages endemic. Construction of dams and irrigated agricultural farms has been widely recognized as a key solution to promoting food security and alleviating poverty. A large number of dams, microdams and irrigated farms have been developed in Africa in the past decade, and many are under construction or being planned. These water resource development projects are anticipated to cause major changes in the ecology of malaria vectors. How changes to the vector ecology alter transmission dynamics is however not clear. New interventions that can effectively suppress malaria transmission while simultaneously increasing agricultural productivity are urgently needed. The central objective of this project is to examine the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on vector ecology and malaria transmission in Kenya and Ethiopia. The central hypothesis is that malaria transmission dynamics is strongly influenced by environmental modifications from water resource development projects. These water resource development projects create more stable and productive breeding sites and disrupt transmission. As a result, seasonality, spatial distribution, vector community structure, and vector competence get altered. We propose four specific aims: 1) assess the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on vector bionomics and malaria transmission dynamics, 2) determine the effects of environmental modifications on vector population genetics and vector competence, 3) evaluate the impact of next-generation nets recently introduced as a part of the public health program, on malaria incidence and vector insecticide resistance under different environmental conditions, and 4) model the cost-effectiveness of novel integrated vector management approaches suitable to areas with extensive environmental modifications. The project will significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of environmental modifications on malaria vector ecology and the underlying ecological and genetic mechanisms for altered transmission. Through modeling of cost-effectiveness of new integrated vector intervention approaches, this project will provide important information that can guide future field trial design and inform policy makers of new malaria control approaches. Malaria outdoor transmission, pyrethroid resistance, and environmental modifications are presently of great concern and urgent issues that need to be addressed globally. Thus, our results can have far reaching and broad implications on malaria prevention and control.