The Roles of Victimization and Social Status in Adolescentsâ Risk Behaviors and Psychosocialors and Psychosocial Adjustment

项目总结/摘要 被同龄人欺负与社会、行为和情感困难有关，欺凌甚至 在几个国家和NICHD被标记为公共卫生危机。受害还与以下因素有关： 增加药物和酒精的使用，也许是一种适应不良的应对机制。这令人担忧，因为 药物使用是导致残疾和过早死亡的一个全球性风险因素， 成本因此，了解预测风险行为的因素至关重要（例如，侵略、物质使用） 在开发早期（即，在这些行为变得更加严重并导致严重的 个人和社会成本。拟议的项目侧重于受害和社会地位在以下方面的作用： 预测随后的风险行为。最近的证据表明，我们对后果的理解 由于大多数研究只关注地位低下、社会边缘化的受害者， 侵略至关重要的是，越来越多的证据表明，地位高的青年也是攻击的目标。这 考虑到高地位、物质使用和侵略性之间的积极联系， 在青春期。因此，目前关于受害的观点忽视了一个青年群体（高地位受害者） 他们已经处于危险之中，行为具有攻击性，并参与药物使用， 这些行为可能会因受害而加剧。地位高的青少年觉得自己是同龄人的受害者 可能使用药物，也许是为了重申其较高的社会地位和/或应对负面经历; 然而，研究尚未对此进行实证检验。地位高的受害者是否会变得好斗， 使用物质可能还取决于（1）他们对自己经历的看法和（2）物质的特征。 肇事者目前的建议旨在通过以下方式弥补这些差距：（1）审查短期和长期的 高地位青少年的受害后果;（2）检查高地位受害者对 （3）调查以高地位青少年为目标的青少年的特征。到 为了实现这些目标，拟议的研究将利用多种方法（例如，自我报告问卷，同行 提名、二元提名、每日日记）纵向数据集。拟议研究的结果将 (1)加强我们对受害者的一个未充分研究的亚型的受害后果的理解， (2)阐明受害和社会地位与危害健康行为相关的情况 （攻击和物质使用）。该项目相应的三年研究金培训计划将 放置在同龄人关系研究的全球中心，并将为申请人提供卓越的概念， 方法和统计专门知识。培训计划建立在申请人过去关于攻击性的培训基础上 和社会地位，包括发展的其他方面（例如，社会认知、物质使用） 和统计技术（例如，社交网络分析）。在这个奖学金之后，申请人将拥有 需要成为一个全面的，成功的，独立的科学家在一所顶尖的研究型大学。

Project Summary/Abstract Being victimized by peers is associated social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties, and bullying has even been labeled a public health crisis in several countries and by the NICHD. Victimization has also been linked to increased drug and alcohol use, perhaps as a maladaptive coping mechanism. This is concerning, as substance use is a global risk factor for disability, early mortality, and leads to significant economic and social costs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand factors that predict risk behavior (e.g., aggression, substance use) earlier in development (i.e., adolescence) before these behaviors become more severe and lead to significant individual and societal costs. The proposed project focuses on the roles of victimization and social status in predicting subsequent risk behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that our understanding of the consequences of victimization is incomplete, as most research has only focused on low-status, socially marginalized victims of aggression. Critically, growing evidence supports that high-status youth are also targeted with aggression. This is particularly concerning given the positive associations between high status, substance use, and aggression in adolescence. Therefore, current perspectives on victimization neglect a group of youth (high-status victims) who are already at risk to behave aggressively and to engage in substance use, and whose engagement in these behaviors may be exacerbated by victimization. High-status adolescents who feel victimized by peers may use substances, perhaps to reaffirm their high social standing and/or to coping with negative experiences; however, research has not yet tested this empirically. Whether or not high-status victims become aggressive or use substances likely will also depend on (1) their perceptions of their experience and (2) characteristics of the perpetrator. The current proposal seeks to address these gaps by: (1) examining the short- and long-term consequences of victimization for high-status adolescents; (2) examining high-status victims’ perceptions of being victimized; and (3) investigating the characteristics of youth who target high-status adolescents. To accomplish these aims, the proposed study will utilize multi-method (e.g., self-report questionnaires, peer nominations, dyadic nominations, daily diaries) longitudinal datasets. Results from the proposed research will (1) enhance our understanding of the consequences of victimization for an understudied subtype of victim and (2) elucidate circumstances under which victimization and social status are related to health-risk behavior (aggression and substance use). The corresponding three-year fellowship training plan for this project will take place in a global center of peer relations research and will provide the applicant with exceptional conceptual, methodological, and statistical expertise. The training plan builds on the applicant’s past training on aggression and social status by incorporating additional aspects of development (e.g., social cognition, substance use) and statistical techniques (e.g., social network analysis). After this fellowship, the applicant will have the skills needed to be a well-rounded, successful, and independent scientist at a top research university.