Longitudinal Follow-Up of 9/11 Directly Exposed Children in their Age of Transition: Independence, Occupation and Morbidity

2001年9月11日世贸中心遭到袭击时，大约有25,000名儿童活着 或者在曼哈顿下城上学，数以万计的其他孩子也在烟柱的路径上。因为我们 临近20周年，很明显，虽然我们已经彻底研究了9/11事件中暴露的那些人 作为成年人，我们没有充分研究这些儿童，他们的发育因9/11事件而中断。 儿童现在处于成年早期到中期，许多人将终身承受9/11事件的影响。的确有, 因此，彻底了解这种暴露对其所有方面的持久影响显然是当务之急 现在的生活和未来的生活。幸运的是，我们的团队，哥伦比亚大学的全球精神流行病学小组 大学，由NIOSH资助招募具有代表性的9/11直接接触青年样本(N=xx) 在9/11事件中年龄为0-17岁，以及未暴露的对照组。我们跟随他们走过了两波 深入的生理和心理评估。这一群体现在构成了最好的可用机会 理解9/11事件对儿童时期接触过的成年人的复杂影响。在这项研究中，我们建议 研究童年创伤对儿童进入和成长的中心挑战、角色和关系的影响。 除了继续这项研究收集重要的纵向信息外，还将继续进行成年研究。 我们现在有这个重要的机会来比较那些暴露在控制之下的人，这将使我们能够检查 创伤如何影响亲密关系和家庭形成、教育和职业巩固、道德发展和 公民参与，以及养育子女的挑战，有一段痛苦的历史。它代表着一个独特的机会 增加了我们对他们成年的心理和身体上的理解。我们会 进行另一波深入的心理和身体健康评估，包括肺部健康 和相关参数，我们将第二次收集和生物库血液，以供未来 炎症性和表观遗传性生物制品的检验。因为9/11直接曝光的长期后果 现在不可避免地包括了这些人使用新冠肺炎的经历，所以这项研究也将评估这些影响 对这些正在崛起的成年人造成额外的大规模创伤。总而言之，这项研究将鼓励新的思维方式 关于创伤，从童年到中年的发展，健康促进，甚至是这些人的育儿支持 在孩提时代就饱受创伤。

When the World Trade Center was attacked on September 11, 2001, approximately 25,000 children were living or attending school in lower Manhattan, tens of thousands of other children were in the path of the plume. As we approach the 20th anniversary, it becomes clear that while we have thoroughly studied those exposed on 9/11 as adults, we did not adequately study those children, whose development was interrupted by 9/11. Those children are now in their early to mid-adulthood and many will carry the effects of 9/11 for a lifetime. There is, thus, a clear imperative to thoroughly understand the enduring impact of that exposure on all aspects of their lives now and going forward. Fortunately, our team, The Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group at Columbia University, was funded by NIOSH to recruit a representative sample (N=xx) of 9/11 directly exposed youth who were ages 0-17 on 9/11, as well as an unexposed control group. We have followed them through two waves of in-depth physical and psychological assessments. This cohort now constitutes the best available opportunity to understand the intricacies of the impact of 9/11 on adults who were exposed as children. In this study we propose to study the impact of childhood trauma on the central challenges, roles and relationships of entering and occupying adulthood, in addition to continuing the study’s collection of vital longitudinal information. We have this important opportunity now to compare those exposed with controls, which will enable us to examine how trauma affects intimacy and family formation, education and career consolidation, moral development and civic engagement, and the challenge of parenting, with a traumatic history. It represents a unique opportunity to add to our understanding about the nature of their unfolding adulthood, psychologically and physically. We will conduct another wave of in-depth assessments of psychological and physical health including pulmonary health and related parameters, and we will collect and biobank blood for a second time to allow for the future examination of inflammatory and epigenetic biologicals. As the long-term consequences of 9/11 direct exposure now inevitably includes these individuals’ experience with COVID-19, so this study will also evaluate the effects of an additional mass trauma on these emerging adults. In sum, this study will encourage new ways of thinking about trauma, development from childhood to mid-life, health promotion, and even parenting support of those traumatized as children.