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Neural Circuits Underlying the Acquisition and Control of Motor Skills

运动技能获取和控制的神经回路

基本信息

批准号：
10624878
负责人：
Bence P Olveczky
金额：
$ 42.25万
依托单位：
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2027-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10624878
关键词：
Acute Address Affect Anatomy Animals Arbitration Back Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavioral Brain Stem Brain region Chronic Code Complex Corpus striatum structure Future Generations Goals Grain Infrastructure Learning Learning Skill Logic Maps Measurement Measures Midbrain structure Modeling Monitor Motion Motor Motor Cortex Motor Skills Motor output Movement Neurons Neurosciences Output Pathway interactions Patients Pattern Phylogenetic Analysis Physiological Play Policies Process Property Rattus Recurrence Research Resolution Rodent Role Rostral Intralaminar Nuclei Scheme Specific qualifier value Sports Stereotyping Stroke Structure System Testing Thalamic structure Time Training Work Writing clinical practice design disability innovation instrument kinematics learned behavior motor control motor skill learning nervous system disorder neural neural circuit neurological rehabilitation novel therapeutics optogenetics programs skill acquisition skills skills training

项目摘要

Neural circuits underlying the acquisition and control of motor skills Much of our behavioral repertoire consists of learned motor skills, yet little is known about the neural circuits underlying their acquisition and control. The overarching goals of our research program is to identify these circuits, delineate their respective functions, and explain the logic by which they work together to implement motor skill learning and execution. To work towards this goal, we developed cutting-edge experimental infrastructure designed to enable high-throughout and rigorous studies of complex learned behaviors in rodents. To facilitate the study of learned motor skills, we developed a task that train rats to produce task-specific movement patterns with complex learned movement kinematics. In previous work, we showed that motor cortex is necessary for learning these skills, but not for executing them once acquired. These surprising results suggest that, while motor cortex has a function in learning, the acquired skills are stored and generated subcortically. We further showed that the sensorimotor input region of the basal ganglia, the dorsolateral striatum, encodes the kinematic details of the learned motor skills and is essential for generating them. Here, we build on these results to examine the logic and mechanisms by which subcortical circuits, specifically the striatum and thalamus, contribute to acquiring, storing, and generating these skills. To get at this, we will use our innovative experimental platform to monitor neural activity and behavior continuously over weeks of training, while also perturbing neural activity and observe the effects of these manipulations on behavior. We will describe how striatal encoding of task-related movement patterns changes with learning and how these changes relate to a striatum’s putative control function (Aim 1). We will further parse the pathways from thalamus to striatum that are relevant for motor skill execution (Aim 2) and describe task-related activity patterns in the thalamus and how they are transformed in the striatum (Aim 3). Precise measurement of the rats’ movements using video-based motion tracking will relate our neural recordings and circuit manipulations to behavior in exact ways, allowing us to infer how subcortical circuits implement the acquisition and execution of learned skills. Addressing these aims will clarify the logic of how the mammalian motor system enables motor skill learning and execution and delineate the roles of the basal ganglia and thalamus in these important processes, thus addressing fundamental questions in neuroscience with far-reaching implications for clinical practice and neurorehabilitation.

运动技能获得和控制的神经回路我们的大部分行为都是由习得的运动技能组成的，但我们对背后的神经回路知之甚少。获取和控制。我们研究计划的首要目标是识别这些电路，描绘它们的各自的功能，并解释了它们一起工作以实现运动技能学习和执行的逻辑。为了实现这一目标，我们开发了尖端的实验基础设施，旨在实现高通量以及对啮齿类动物复杂习得行为的严谨研究。为了促进学习运动技能的研究，我们开发了这是一项训练大鼠产生具有复杂学习运动学的特定任务运动模式的任务。前几在这项研究中，我们发现运动皮层对于学习这些技能是必要的，但一旦获得，就不需要执行这些技能。这些令人惊讶的结果表明，虽然运动皮层在学习中起作用，但获得的技能是储存和产生的。皮层下我们进一步发现，基底神经节的感觉运动输入区，背外侧纹状体，编码所学习的运动技能的运动学细节，并且对于生成它们是必不可少的。在这里，我们建立在这些结果检查逻辑和机制，皮层下电路，特别是纹状体和丘脑，有助于获得、储存和产生这些技能。为了达到这个目的，我们将使用我们的创新实验在数周的训练中持续监测神经活动和行为的平台，同时也干扰神经活动并观察这些操作对行为的影响。我们将描述任务相关的纹状体编码运动模式随着学习而改变，以及这些变化如何与纹状体的假定控制功能相关（目标1）。我们将进一步解析与运动技能执行相关的从丘脑到纹状体的通路（目标2），描述丘脑中与任务相关的活动模式以及它们如何在纹状体中转化（目标3）。精确使用基于视频的运动跟踪来测量老鼠的运动，操纵行为的确切方式，使我们能够推断皮层下回路如何实现收购，执行学到的技能。解决这些目标将阐明哺乳动物运动系统如何使运动的逻辑技能学习和执行，并描绘了基底神经节和丘脑在这些重要过程中的作用，解决神经科学中的基本问题，对临床实践具有深远的影响，神经康复