Mechanistic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii sexual development in tissue culture and mouse models

组织培养和小鼠模型中弓形虫性发育的机制分析

• 批准号: 10738256
• 负责人: Nicole Marie Davis
• 金额: $ 6.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10738256
• 关键词: Ablation; Acids; Affect; Agreement; Animal Experimentation; Biological Models; Biology; Brain; Cause of Death; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation process; Cells; Data; Development; Disease; Environment; Epigenetic Process; Ethics; Eye; Family Felidae; Fatty Acids; Felis catus; Genes; Genetic Transcription; Goals; Growth; HDAC3 gene; Histone Deacetylase; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor; Histones; Human; Immunocompromised Host; In Vitro; Individual; Integration Host Factors; Intestines; Knowledge; Linoleic Acids; Lipids; Literature; Mammals; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Mus; Oocysts; Parasites; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Prevalence; Production; Proteins; Research; Role; Seroprevalences; Sex Differentiation; Sexual Development; Signal Pathway; Small Interfering RNA; Testing; Therapeutic; Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; United States; Work; asexual; automated image analysis; cell type; companion animal; experimental study; foodborne illness; improved; in vivo; intestinal epithelium; knock-down; mouse model; overexpression; permissiveness; prevent; response; sex; tissue culture; transmission process; vaccine development

Project Summary Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a leading cause of death due to foodborne illness that causes serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. The parasite develops asexually and sexually, and asexual parasite development is well-studied. However, the parasite completes its sexual stage only in the cat intestinal epithelium, presenting a significant ethical and logistical barrier to sexual stage research. To remove the need for companion animal research and study the unknown biology of sexual stage T. gondii, our lab developed murine and tissue culture models that support T. gondii sexual development. The polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid is a critical factor for T. gondii to complete sexual development that is uniquely elevated in the feline intestine. The mechanisms by which linoleic acid acts on host or parasite remain unknown. The goal of this proposal is to determine the mechanism of linoleic acid in promoting T. gondii sexual development in cell culture and in vivo. Preliminary data from our group and others suggests that linoleic acid acts on both host and parasite to promote a permissive environment for T. gondii sexual development. I hypothesize that intracellular accumulation of linoleic acid activates T. gondii lipid signaling pathways to promote sexual development. I further hypothesize that sexual development relies on activation of similar signaling pathways in the host. In Aim 1, I will determine the mechanism of linoleic acid action on the parasite by measuring parasite transcriptional responses to linoleic acid treatment. I will also test our new mouse model of linoleic acid accumulation for its ability to promote efficient T. gondii sexual development in vivo. In Aim 2, I will use automated image analysis to determine the importance of host cell type in T. gondii sexual development. siRNA-mediated ablation of linoleic acid-responsive host factors will identify host genes that influence sexual development. Successful completion of these Aims will better define how linoleic acid enables growth of T. gondii sexual stages. The long-term implication of this work is a shareable model of T. gondii sexual development that will help reduce the burden of toxoplasmosis.

项目摘要 弓形虫是弓形虫病的病原体，弓形虫病是由食源性疾病导致死亡的主要原因 导致免疫功能低下的人患上严重疾病这种寄生虫无性繁殖， 有性和无性寄生虫的发育已得到充分研究。然而，寄生虫完成了它的有性阶段， 仅存在于猫肠道上皮中，对性阶段构成了重大的道德和后勤障碍 research.为了消除伴侣动物研究的需要，研究性阶段的未知生物学 T. gondii，我们的实验室开发了小鼠和组织培养模型，支持T。弓形虫性发育的 多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸是T.完成性发育，即 在猫科动物的肠道中含量特别高亚油酸作用于宿主或寄生虫的机制仍然存在 未知本研究旨在探讨亚油酸促进T。性弓形虫 在细胞培养和体内的发育。我们小组和其他人的初步数据表明， 作用于宿主和寄生虫，促进T.弓形虫性发育我 假设亚油酸细胞内积累激活T.弓形虫脂质信号通路 促进性发育。我进一步假设性发育依赖于类似的激活， 宿主体内的信号通路在目标1中，我将确定亚油酸对寄生虫的作用机制 通过测量寄生虫对亚油酸处理的转录反应。我也会测试我们的新老鼠模型 亚油酸积累的能力，促进有效T。体内弓形虫性发育。在目标2中，我 将使用自动图像分析来确定宿主细胞类型在T.性弓形虫 发展siRNA介导的亚油酸应答宿主因子的消除将鉴定 影响性发育。成功完成这些目标将更好地定义亚油酸如何使 T.的生长弓形虫性期这项工作的长期意义是T。弓形虫 性发育，这将有助于减轻弓形虫病的负担。