Detection and Automatic Privacy-Protected Contact Tracing System Designed for COVID-19

项目摘要/摘要 新冠肺炎大流行已经迅速蔓延到世界各地，给人们的日常生活带来了死亡、疾病和干扰 生活，以及经济危机对企业和个人的影响。在学校放学后，情况变得更加严重 由于经济压力，公司重新开业。遏制新冠肺炎的主要失败之一是 强调我们的医疗保健系统无法实时检测护理点(POC)和最终用户 设置和精确跟踪，保护活动感染的隐私。电流的根本限制 基于基因的分析源于它们对病毒遗传物质的扩增和检测的依赖。 即使没有完整的/传染性的病毒。这些测试需要基于实验室的劳动密集型样本 病毒裂解的制备方案，遗传物质的提取，分离物质的纯化， 酶促扩增病毒核酸序列的热循环及其复合体的解释 由专业人士提供结果。准确判断感染者的传染性，受污染的 对象和环境，并为患者、公众和当局提供指导，以更好地管理治疗 和遏制，我们寻求一种快速和直接的病原体检测和鉴定的新范式，其中 完整的病毒粒子通过其独特的表面表位特征被直接识别，所产生的 最终用户智能手机会立即捕捉到荧光信号，然后自动进行数据传输 以及区块链加密方式的事件跟踪。为了实现对SARS-CoV-2病毒粒子的特定识别， 我们定制了一种基于设计者DNA纳米结构(DDN)的捕获探针，它包含一个大分子 其顶点与SARS-CoV-2三聚体尖峰的空间内和空间间模式精确匹配的“网” 糖蛋白簇，并整合了SARS-CoV-2刺激性靶向适体的网状阵列。 这种适体-DDN是为最大限度地与完整病毒粒子上的尖峰结合而设计的 多价位和图案匹配的时尚。一旦与完整的病毒粒子结合，DNA“网”会触发释放 荧光。该荧光信号可以容易地通过膜状和 基于智能手机的荧光计连接到最终用户的手机摄像头。获得的结果将是 与跟踪前受网络保护的用户设备ID相关联。我们建议将DDN捕获与 探测器和智能手机设备来开发和演示一种快速、室温、一步到位的病毒- SARS-CoV-2病毒的特异性和超灵敏检测，其中可以获得检测结果 在暴露后5分钟内，在用户端，允许在不影响用户的情况下跟踪病毒的存在 隐私。信号到结果转换、结果到ID关联、个体跟踪和交互网络跟踪 将被区块链加密，以确保个人隐私的信息安全，同时跟踪信息 将提供给卫生当局用于公共卫生福利。

Project Summary/Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, bringing death, illness, disruption to daily life, and economic crisis to businesses and individuals. The situation has been exacerbated after the schools and companies reopened due to economic pressure. One of the key failures in COVID-19 containment is underlined by the inability of our healthcare system in real-time detection in point-of-care (POC) and end-user settings and precise tracing with privacy protection of active infections. The fundamental limitations of current gene-based assays stem from their reliance upon amplification and detection of the viral genetic materials even if there were no intact/infectious viruses. These tests require labor-intensive, laboratory-based sample preparation protocols for virus lysis, extraction of genetic materials, purification of the isolated materials, thermal cycling for enzymatic amplification of viral nucleic acid sequences, and interpretation of complex results by professionals. To accurately determine the infectivity of the infected individuals, contaminated objects and environments, and provide guidance for patients, public and authorities to better manage treatment and containment, we seek a new paradigm for rapid and direct pathogen detection and identification in which the intact virions are directly recognized through their distinct surface epitope features, and the resultant fluorescent signal is immediately captured by an end-user smartphone, followed by automatic data transition and event tracing in a blockchain-encrypted manner. To achieve specific recognition of SARS-CoV-2 virions, we customized a designer DNA nanostructure (DDN)-based capture probe that harbors a macromolecular “net” whose vertices precisely match the intra- and inter-spatial pattern of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein clusters, and integrates a net-shaped array of SARS-CoV-2 spike specific-targeting aptamers. This aptamer-DDN is designed for maximum affinity and specificity binding with spikes on intact virions in a polyvalent and pattern-matching fashion. Once bound to intact virions, the DNA “nets” trigger the release of fluorescence. This fluorescent signal can be readily and automatically detected by a membrane-shaped and smartphone-based fluorimeter attached to the end-users' phone cameras. The acquired results will be associated with user device IDs that are cyber-protected before tracing. We propose to combine DDN capture probes and a smartphone device to develop and demonstrate a rapid, room temperature, single-step, virus- specific, and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus, in which the detection results can be acquired within 5 minutes upon exposure, at the user end, allowing tracing the presence of viruses without affecting user privacy. The signal to result transition, result to ID association, individual track and interacting network tracing will be blockchain-encrypted to ensure information security for individual privacy, while tracing information would be available to health authority for public health benefits.