Detection and Automatic Privacy-Protected Contact Tracing System Designed for COVID-19

项目总结/摘要 COVID-19大流行病迅速蔓延到世界各地，每天都有死亡，疾病和破坏 经济危机，企业和个人。学校关闭后，情况更加恶化。 由于经济压力，公司重新开业。遏制COVID-19的关键失败之一是 我们的医疗保健系统无法在护理点（POC）和最终用户中进行实时检测， 设置和精确跟踪，并保护活动感染的隐私。电流的基本局限性 基于基因的分析源于它们对病毒遗传物质的扩增和检测的依赖 即使没有完整的/传染性的病毒。这些测试需要劳动密集型的实验室样本 用于病毒裂解、遗传物质提取、分离物质纯化 用于病毒核酸序列的酶促扩增的热循环和复合物的解释 专业人士的结果。为了准确确定受感染个体的传染性， 对象和环境，并为患者，公众和当局提供指导，以更好地管理治疗 和遏制，我们寻求一种新的模式，快速和直接的病原体检测和鉴定， 完整的病毒体通过其独特的表面表位特征被直接识别，并且所得的 荧光信号立即被终端用户智能手机捕获，然后自动进行数据转换 以及以区块链加密的方式进行事件跟踪。为了实现对SARS-CoV-2病毒体的特异性识别， 我们定制了一种基于设计者DNA纳米结构（DDN）的捕获探针，该探针含有大分子 "网"，其顶点精确匹配SARS-CoV-2三聚体尖峰的内部和内部空间模式 糖蛋白簇，并整合了SARS-CoV-2刺突特异性靶向适体的网状阵列。 这种适体-DDN被设计用于在一个特定的环境中与完整病毒体上的刺突最大亲和力和特异性结合。 多价和模式匹配的时尚。一旦与完整的病毒体结合，DNA "网"就会触发病毒的释放。 荧光。这种荧光信号可以通过膜状和半透明的荧光探针容易地和自动地检测。 基于智能手机的荧光计连接到终端用户的手机摄像头。获得的结果将是 与跟踪前受网络保护的用户设备ID相关联。我们建议将联合收割机DDN捕获 探针和智能手机设备，以开发和展示一种快速，室温，单步，病毒- 特异性、超灵敏检测SARS-CoV-2病毒，可获得检测结果 在暴露后5分钟内，在用户端，允许跟踪病毒的存在而不影响用户 隐私.信号到结果的转换、结果到ID的关联、个体跟踪和交互网络跟踪 将被区块链加密，以确保个人隐私的信息安全，同时跟踪信息 将向卫生当局提供公共卫生福利。

Project Summary/Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, bringing death, illness, disruption to daily life, and economic crisis to businesses and individuals. The situation has been exacerbated after the schools and companies reopened due to economic pressure. One of the key failures in COVID-19 containment is underlined by the inability of our healthcare system in real-time detection in point-of-care (POC) and end-user settings and precise tracing with privacy protection of active infections. The fundamental limitations of current gene-based assays stem from their reliance upon amplification and detection of the viral genetic materials even if there were no intact/infectious viruses. These tests require labor-intensive, laboratory-based sample preparation protocols for virus lysis, extraction of genetic materials, purification of the isolated materials, thermal cycling for enzymatic amplification of viral nucleic acid sequences, and interpretation of complex results by professionals. To accurately determine the infectivity of the infected individuals, contaminated objects and environments, and provide guidance for patients, public and authorities to better manage treatment and containment, we seek a new paradigm for rapid and direct pathogen detection and identification in which the intact virions are directly recognized through their distinct surface epitope features, and the resultant fluorescent signal is immediately captured by an end-user smartphone, followed by automatic data transition and event tracing in a blockchain-encrypted manner. To achieve specific recognition of SARS-CoV-2 virions, we customized a designer DNA nanostructure (DDN)-based capture probe that harbors a macromolecular “net” whose vertices precisely match the intra- and inter-spatial pattern of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein clusters, and integrates a net-shaped array of SARS-CoV-2 spike specific-targeting aptamers. This aptamer-DDN is designed for maximum affinity and specificity binding with spikes on intact virions in a polyvalent and pattern-matching fashion. Once bound to intact virions, the DNA “nets” trigger the release of fluorescence. This fluorescent signal can be readily and automatically detected by a membrane-shaped and smartphone-based fluorimeter attached to the end-users' phone cameras. The acquired results will be associated with user device IDs that are cyber-protected before tracing. We propose to combine DDN capture probes and a smartphone device to develop and demonstrate a rapid, room temperature, single-step, virus- specific, and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus, in which the detection results can be acquired within 5 minutes upon exposure, at the user end, allowing tracing the presence of viruses without affecting user privacy. The signal to result transition, result to ID association, individual track and interacting network tracing will be blockchain-encrypted to ensure information security for individual privacy, while tracing information would be available to health authority for public health benefits.