Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics for Precision Weight-Loss Diet Interventions

摘要 过量的餐后脂肪已经成为调节能量摄入和导致肥胖的关键因素 和心脏代谢疾病，最近的研究强调了绘图的日益重要性和迫切需要 精确营养和饮食干预中餐后血糖反应的个体差异。的 拟议的系统研究旨在填补这一重大研究空白。我们的研究将建立在无与伦比的， 来自三个饮食干预试验和队列的补充资源：OmniCarb试验，POUNDS LOST试验和精确健康研究（PHS）。我们将分析通常禁食水平的关联 血浆代谢组学和餐后代谢组学变化与餐后血糖反应 激发试验（目标1）;并分析餐后5周、6和24个月的动态变化 血糖变异性相关代谢物对血糖指数（GI）变化的饮食干预的反应和/或 碳水化合物摄入量（目标2）。我们还将研究餐后血糖变化的关系， 变异性相关代谢物与食欲、能量摄入和消耗的变化（目标3）。另外我们 将研究餐后血糖变异相关的时间顺序和中介作用， 饮食干预与心脏代谢变化之间的关系（目的4）。拟议 该项目与美国国立卫生研究院在“营养遗传学和营养基因组学营养方法”方面的特殊兴趣非常一致 研究（NOT-DK-19-019）和精确营养。我们的研究将提供新的见解的内在 餐后血糖反应的个体差异的决定因素，并有助于显着 开发新的精确饮食干预措施。我们的研究结果将对公众健康 适用性和临床意义。

Abstract Excessive postprandial glycemia has emerged as a key factor regulating energy intakes and driving obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and recent studies highlight the rising importance and urgent need of mapping the individual variability of postprandial glycemic response in precision nutrition and diet interventions. The proposed systems study aims to fill this significant research gap. Our study will build upon the unparalleled and complementary resources from three diet intervention trials and cohort: The OmniCarb trial, The POUNDS LOST trial, and The Precision Health Study (PHS). We will analyze associations of the usual levels of fasting plasma metabolome and postprandial metabolomic changes with postprandial glycemic response in the meal challenge tests (Aim 1); and analyze the dynamic changes (5 weeks, 6 and 24 months) in postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites in response to diet interventions varying in glycemic index (GI) and/or carbohydrate intakes (Aim 2). We will also examine the relations of changes in postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites with changes in appetite, energy intake and expenditure (Aim 3). In addition, we will examine the temporal sequence and mediation effects of postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites in the relation between diet interventions and cardiometabolic changes (Aim 4). The proposed project aligns well with the special interest of NIH in ‘Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Approaches for Nutrition Research (NOT-DK-19-019)’ and precision nutrition. Our study will provide novel insights into the intrinsic determinants of individual variability in postprandial glycemic response, and contribute significantly to the development of novel precision diet interventions. The findings from our study will have wide public health applicability and clinical implications.