New Catalysts and Strategies for Selective C–H Functionalization and Cycloaddition Reactions

项目摘要/摘要 有机合成是药物发现的一个速度限制因素，因此合成方法的进步 与生物活性分子相关的制备可以成为加速发现新的 针对未得到满足的医疗需求的小分子疗法。希林斯基实验室的研究重点是 应对与当代有直接关系的催化和合成领域尚未解决的挑战 药物发现的实践，并有可能作为新反应的广泛平台产生广泛影响 发现和/或综合规划。我们还投资于小分子合成的直接应用。 到药物发现，在使用小分子参与癌症新生物靶点的合作项目中 治疗。这个Mira应用概述了我们最近在两个领域的努力和未来计划：(1)催化， 选择性C-H官能化；(2)新颖的环加成反应。在第一个领域，研究领域的 分子间、位选择性C(SP3)-H羟基化和胺化反应近年来取得了显著进展， 但在从底物控制的选择性向催化剂过渡的愿望上已经达到了一个主要障碍 受控选择性。为了应对这些和其他挑战，我们在有机催化方面建立了一个项目 原子转移C-H官能化和过去几年的研究表明，我们的催化平台， 专注于金属盐和胺催化剂，在反应活性方面与金属催化方法竞争或超过金属催化方法 和选择性，而且它还可以灵活地实现多种类型的原子转移(即，羟基化 和胺化)。在建立了这个基础之后，我们现在开始更好地理解 这些反应的机理细节以及催化剂结构对反应活性和选择性的影响。我们的 未来五年的目标是使用胺催化来取代C-H羟基化位点的底物控制 选择性和开发对映体选择性的C-H羟基化方法，并利用亚胺催化扩张 苯基、未活化的叔基和未活化的次级C-H键之间的范围和选择性 后期C-H胺化应用。与我们对C-H官能化的研究不同，我们还 制定了关于发明新的区域选择性和立体选择性环加成反应的方案 针对含氮杂环和附加在含氮杂环上的碳环，两个 药物发现中的主要结构主题。在本申请中描述的是我们最近发现的Lewis酸 Diels-Alder反应的一种几乎未被探索的变体的催化作用-使用乙烯基氮杂芳烃作为 嗜双烯者。在未来五年，我们打算将此作为一项战略来实现我们的长期目标- 通过扩展该化学以包括杂化Diels-Alder反应以形成氮芳烃的水平合成方法- 添加了脂肪族氮杂环，并开发了对映体选择性变体。这些研究的结果 未来的研究计划将使可以为药物发现探索的化学空间得到扩大。

Project Summary/Abstract Organic synthesis is a rate-limiting factor in drug discovery, and consequently, advances in synthetic methods relevant to bioactive molecule preparation can be a powerful driving force to accelerate the discovery of new small molecule therapeutics for unmet medical needs. Research in the Hilinski laboratory is focused on addressing unsolved challenges in catalysis and synthesis that have immediate relevance to the contemporary practice of drug discovery, and that have the potential for broad impact as widespread platforms for new reaction discovery and/or synthetic planning. We are also invested in the direct application of small molecule synthesis to drug discovery, in collaborative projects that use small molecules to engage new biological targets for cancer treatment. This MIRA application outlines our recent endeavors and future plans in two areas: (1) catalytic, selective C–H functionalization, and (2) novel cycloaddition reactions. In the first area, research in the field of intermolecular, site selective C(sp3)–H hydroxylation and amination has advanced considerably in recent years, but has reached a major barrier in the desire to transition from substrate-controlled selectivity to catalyst controlled selectivity. To address these and other challenges, we have established a program in organocatalytic atom-transfer C–H functionalization and over the past several years have shown that our catalytic platform, focused on iminium salt and amine catalysts, competes with or exceeds metal-catalyzed methods in reactivity and selectivity, and also that it has the flexibility to enable multiple types of atom transfer (i.e. both hydroxylation and amination). Having established this foundation, we are now beginning to better understand the unique mechanistic details of these reactions and the influence of catalyst structure on reactivity and selectivity. Our goals over the next five years are to use amine catalysis to override substrate control of C–H hydroxylation site selectivity and to develop enantioselective C–H hydroxylation methods, and to use iminium catalysis to expand both the scope and selectivity among benzylic, unactivated tertiary, and unactivated secondary C–H bonds in late-stage C–H amination applications. Distinct from our research on C–H functionalization, we have also established a program on the invention of new regioselective and stereoselective cycloaddition reactions targeting nitrogen-containing heterocycles and carbocycles appended to nitrogen-containing heterocycles, two major structural motifs in drug discovery. Described in this application is our recent discovery of Lewis acid catalysis of a virtually unexplored variant of the Diels-Alder reaction – one that uses vinylazaarenes as dienophiles. Over the next five years, we intend to pursue our long-term goal of establishing this as a strategy- level synthetic approach by expanding this chemistry to include hetero Diels-Alder reactions to form azaarene- appended aliphatic nitrogen heterocycles, and by developing enantioselective variants. The results of these future research plans will enable an expansion of the chemical space that can be explored for drug discovery.