Differential Effects of Exercise Modality on Cognition and Brain in Older Adults

项目摘要 老年人经常经历身体衰退，可以通过身体锻炼直接改善。 活动和锻炼。越来越多的证据表明，锻炼可以预防认知能力下降或延迟 使人衰弱的痴呆症（例如阿尔茨海默病[AD]），然而，运动的最佳剂量和组合 然而，促进大脑健康的方式仍然是未知的，基本上未经检验。 我们的长期研究目标是开发和测试支持成功衰老的策略， 预防AD。我们已成功进行（R01AG053312、R01AG053952、R01AG049749、R01AG52954， R01AG043962）和已完成的项目（R01AG033673、R01AG034614、KL2TR000119）， 社区为基础的老年人锻炼计划。我们将招募280名年龄在65岁到80岁之间的人 没有认知障碍，进入52周的运动干预，以测试组合和独立 有氧和阻力训练对认知、大脑结构和身体功能的影响。我们还将 探索潜在的生物机制，可能与大脑健康的锻炼。 参与者将被随机分为4组：灵活性，色调和平衡（对照），有氧 运动训练、渐进式阻力训练或有氧和阻力相结合的训练。所有干预 团体代表了最常见的锻炼方式，直接反映了公众的健康状况 有氧和阻力训练的建议。运动训练将在社区环境中进行 通过大堪萨斯城基督教青年会的网络。我们假设52周的锻炼会改善 1)认知表现，2）局部脑容量，3）心肺适应性和强度，4）生物标志物。 这将是最大的研究，以评估综合和独立的影响，这两个最 推荐的锻炼方式。展示特定的运动对认知功能和大脑的影响 老年人的健康将对公共卫生产生巨大影响。该研究的结果也将影响 公共卫生政策和教育提供证据对特定的或协同作用的有氧 抗阻训练对认知和大脑结构的影响。鼓励公众适应更积极的生活方式 并鼓励发展有效的运动提供计划，以加强启动和维持 体育活动干预是增加美国老年人生活质量的关键 人口

Project Summary Older adults often experience physical decline that can be directly ameliorated by physical activity and exercise. Evidence is building that exercise prevents cognitive decline or delays the onset of debilitating dementia (e.g. Alzheimer's disease [AD]) yet, the optimal dose and combination of exercise modalities for promoting brain health, however, remains unknown and essentially untested. Our long-term research goal is to develop and test strategies to support successful aging and prevent AD. We have successful ongoing (R01AG053312, R01AG053952, R01AG049749, R01AG52954, R01AG043962) and completed projects (R01AG033673, R01AG034614, KL2TR000119) around a theme of community-based exercise programs for older adults. We will enroll 280 individuals, age 65 to 80 years without cognitive impairment, into a 52-week exercise intervention to test the combined and independent effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognition, brain structure, and physical function. We will also explore underlying biological mechanisms that may link exercise with brain health. Participants will be randomized into 1 of 4 groups: flexibility, toning and balance (control), aerobic exercise training, progressive resistance training, or combined aerobic and resistance training. All intervention groups represent the most common modalities of exercise and directly reflect the public health recommendations for aerobic and resistance training. Exercise training will occur in a community setting through the network of Greater Kansas City YMCAs. We hypothesize that 52 weeks of exercise will improve 1) cognitive performance, 2) regional brain volume, 3) cardiorespiratory fitness and strength 4) biomarkers. This will be the largest study to assess the combined and independent effects of the two most recommended forms of exercise. Demonstrating specific exercise effects on cognitive function and brain health in older adults would have enormous public health implications. The study's results will also impact public health policy and education by providing evidence towards the specific or synergistic effects of aerobic and resistance training on cognition and brain structure. Encouraging the public to adapt more active lifestyles and stimulate the development of effective exercise delivery programs to enhance initiation and maintenance of physical activity interventions is key to increasing the number of quality years of life for America's aging population.