Investigating interference-control in ADHD using a novel forced-response method

使用新颖的强制响应方法研究 ADHD 的干扰控制

• 批准号: 10591920
• 负责人: John Jonides
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591920
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adopted; Adult; Advisory Committees; Affect; Age; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavioral; Child; Clinical; Computer Models; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; Data; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Education; Failure; Functional disorder; Gender; General Population; Goals; Home; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Life; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Persons; Predisposition; Process; Production; Research; Resources; Rest; Sampling; Source; Stimulus; Stream; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Work; clinical diagnosis; computer framework; critical period; design; executive function; experimental study; individual response; novel; novel strategies; parallel processing; prevent; processing speed; psychologic; public health relevance; recruit; response; screening

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often considered to be a disorder in children and adolescents, but is, in fact, diagnosed in 2.5% of adults as well. A main behavioral correlate of ADHD is the claimed increase in susceptibility to interference from irrelevant external sources. A prevailing view in the literature is that deficits in executive functions, especially control over interference, underlie ADHD symptoms (e.g., Barkley, 1997; Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996). Interference control is the ability to prevent interference due to resource or stimulus competition (Nigg, 2000). However, despite 20 years of research, empirical evidence for impaired interference control in ADHD patients remains inconclusive using model tasks such as the Simon task and the flanker task. This may be related to methodological issues that are present in such tasks that are typically used to assess interference control. The current application is based on a new approach to study interference control that can avoid these issues. The approach makes use of a “forced-response” method in which individuals’ responses in conflict tasks are required at a fixed time. This fixed time occurs at a variable time after the presentation of the imperative stimulus to which individuals must make a response, making it possible to capture responses at various points in the processing stream. The application includes experiments using this new approach, and it offers a computational framework to understand how interference control in ADHD individuals may be compromised compared to healthy individuals.

项目摘要 注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）通常被认为是儿童的障碍， 青少年，但事实上，在2.5%的成年人中也被诊断出来。ADHD的主要行为相关性是 声称对无关外部来源干扰的敏感性增加。一个普遍的观点是， 有文献指出，执行功能的缺陷，特别是对干扰的控制，是ADHD症状的基础 (e.g., Barkley，1997;彭宁顿& Ozonoff，1996）。干扰控制是防止干扰的能力， 资源或刺激竞争（Nigg，2000）。然而，尽管有20年的研究，经验证据表明， 对于ADHD患者的干扰控制受损仍然没有定论，使用模型任务，如西蒙 任务和侧翼任务。这可能与这些任务中存在的方法问题有关， 通常用于评估干扰控制。目前的应用是基于一种新的研究方法 干扰控制可以避免这些问题。该方法利用了一种“强迫反应”方法， 在冲突任务中，哪些个体的反应需要在固定的时间。这个固定的时间发生在一个变量 时间后的迫切刺激，其中个人必须作出反应，使之 可以在处理流中的各个点捕获响应。应用程序包括实验 使用这种新方法，它提供了一个计算框架，以了解如何干扰控制， 与健康个体相比，ADHD个体可能会受到损害。