THE PRENATAL AND CHILDHOOD MECHANISMS OF HEALTH DISPARITIES; INITIAL RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION

产前和儿童期健康差异的机制;

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    10936045
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-09-15 至 2025-07-14
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

The Division of Population Health Research (DiPHR) conducts studies focusing on child health and human development. As part of DiPHR's mission, one area of interest is the investigation of the developmental origins of health disparities - i.e., differences in developmental outcomes between socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Here, we refer to unequal health outcomes between socioeconomic and race/ethnic groups and although disparities may also exist in the context of other socially disadvantaged statuses including intellectual disability and sexual minority status. Health disparities in the United States - in life expectancy and chronic disease - have their origins as early as the prenatal period. Early life conditions including poverty and discrimination generate disparities in health over the life course that become further entrenched in the population through their transmission across generations. Parental mental health problems, which are strongly linked with social and economic disadvantage as well as child development, may play a key mediating role in the transmission of disparities across generations. However maternal and paternal psychopathology have not been fully considered as mechanisms contributing to disparities nor been measured using phenotypically validated approaches (e.g., through structured diagnostic interviews). As a result, though disparities in health are well documented, the developmental mechanisms that impact disparities at the very beginning of life are not, particularly those which lead to developmental deficits that emerge long before disease states. The NICHD 2020 strategic plan highlights health disparities as a cross-cutting problem impacting advancing maternal health, birth outcomes, and child development; it emphasizes that “understanding the contribution of social, economic, structural, and regional factors is vital to advancing preventive, diagnostic, and intervention efforts” designed to mitigate health disparities. Advancing knowledge of the developmental mechanisms that generate disparities requires a more thorough understanding of how socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity influence the determinants of prenatal health and child development from gestation onward. To accomplish this, more in-depth measurement of potential causes of disparities is needed from more diverse samples starting earlier in the life course than is currently available from existing studies. This work needs to measure how various domains of child development are influenced by multiple inputs at the biological, psychological, family, and neighborhood levels, and in which small differences early in child development are compounded over time resulting in large gaps in health later on.
人口健康研究司(人口健康研究司)开展以儿童健康和人类发展为重点的研究。作为DiPHR使命的一部分,一个令人感兴趣的领域是调查健康差距的发展根源--即社会优势群体和弱势群体之间发展成果的差异。在这里,我们指的是社会经济和种族/族裔群体之间不平等的健康结果,尽管在包括智力残疾和性少数地位在内的其他社会不利地位的背景下也可能存在差异。美国的健康差距--预期寿命和慢性病--早在产前就有了根源。早期生活条件,包括贫穷和歧视,在整个生命过程中造成健康差距,并通过代代相传在人口中变得更加根深蒂固。父母的心理健康问题与社会和经济劣势以及儿童发展密切相关,可能在代际传播差距方面发挥关键的中介作用。然而,母亲和父亲的精神病理并没有被完全视为造成差异的机制,也没有使用表型验证的方法来衡量(例如,通过结构化的诊断性访谈)。因此,尽管健康方面的差异得到了很好的记录,但在生命之初影响差异的发展机制却没有,特别是那些导致发育缺陷的机制,这些缺陷在疾病出现之前很久就出现了。《2020年消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》战略计划强调,健康差距是一个影响产妇健康、生育结果和儿童发展的交叉性问题;它强调“了解社会、经济、结构和区域因素的贡献对于推进预防、诊断和干预工作至关重要”,旨在缓解健康差距。要增进对造成差异的发展机制的了解,就必须更彻底地了解社会经济地位和种族/族裔如何影响孕期健康和儿童发育的决定因素。要做到这一点,需要比现有研究更深入地测量生命过程中更早开始的更多不同样本中差异的潜在原因。这项工作需要衡量儿童发展的各个领域是如何受到生物、心理、家庭和邻里层面上的多重投入的影响的,其中儿童早期发展的微小差异随着时间的推移而加剧,从而导致后来的健康差距。

项目成果

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Lina Mu其他文献

Lina Mu的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Lina Mu', 18)}}的其他基金

Metabolomics Profiling of Biological Responses to Changes in Air Pollution Levels
对空气污染水平变化的生物反应的代谢组学分析
  • 批准号:
    9298659
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 项目类别:
Biological Response to Air Quality Change in Beijing pre-, mid- and post-Olympics
北京奥运会前、中、后空气质量变化的生物响应
  • 批准号:
    8041543
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 项目类别:
Biological Response to Air Quality Change in Beijing pre-, mid- and post-Olympics
北京奥运会前、中、后空气质量变化的生物响应
  • 批准号:
    8223211
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 项目类别:
Biological Response to Air Quality Change in Beijing pre-, mid- and post-Olympics
北京奥运会前、中、后空气质量变化的生物响应
  • 批准号:
    8415522
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 项目类别:
Use of cellphone-based time-activity data for air pollutant exposure estimation
使用基于手机的时间活动数据进行空气污染物暴露估算
  • 批准号:
    8145293
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 141.63万
  • 项目类别:

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检查非洲裔美国成人艾滋病毒感染者抗逆转录病毒药物依从轨迹的社会决定因素
  • 批准号:
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    2017
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  • 批准号:
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针对非裔美国 MSM 的戒烟/药物依从性干预
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    8773189
  • 财政年份:
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A smoking cessation/medication adherence intervention for African American MSM
针对非裔美国 MSM 的戒烟/药物依从性干预
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    8529989
  • 财政年份:
    2013
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行为感染 HIV 的非裔美国男性 ART 依从性的预测因素
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  • 财政年份:
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行为感染 HIV 的非裔美国男性 ART 依从性的预测因素
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    8466623
  • 财政年份:
    2012
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Coping Peer Intervention for Adherence in Urban African American Adolescents with
应对城市非裔美国青少年依从性的同伴干预
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    8099537
  • 财政年份:
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  • 资助金额:
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