NUMERICAL COMPETENCE IN PAN TROGLODYTES

了解非数字能力的能力 人类物种可以为澄清 认知过程的理论进化变化 门 在拟议的研究中，黑猩猩以前接受过 各种与数字相关的任务，包括生产和 接受使用阿拉伯数字符号，将测试 对平凡性的敏感性。 这些任务将需要 利用传递性推理逻辑推理，并将 提供了重要的经验证据证明黑猩猩可能是 能够真正的计数，就像非常小的孩子一样。 这些发现，加上以前证明的能力， 一对一的对应关系， 同质和异质阵列的接受性标记， 数字的功能性使用和基本的算术过程 （另外，身份）将为计票提供关键证据 解释动物的数字相关行为。 培训 还将继续进行正在进行的关于函数数使用的研究 (0-5)，包括额外的阿拉伯数字6和7，以及 对黑猩猩基本算术处理的研究。

An understanding of the capacity for numerical competence in non- human species could contribute significantly toward clarifying theoretical evolutionary changes in cognitive processing across phyla. In the proposed studies, chimpanzees previously trained on a variety of number-related tasks, including productive and receptive use of Arabic number symbols, will be tested for sensitivity to ordinality. These tasks will require the utilization of transitive inference logical reasoning, and will provide important empirical evidence that the chimpanzee may be capable of true counting, as demonstrated with very young children. These findings, together with previously demonstrated capabilities in the animals for one-to-one correspondence, productive and receptive labelling of homogeneous and heterogeneous arrays, the functional use of numbers, and rudimentary arithmetic processes (addition, identity) would provide critical evidence for a counting explanation for the animals' number-related behaviors. Training will also continue with on-going studies of functional number use (0-5), to include the additional Arabic numbers 6 & 7, as well as studies of rudimentary arithmetic processing in the chimpanzee.