Olivocochlear Reflex in Humans

人类的橄榄耳蜗反射

• 批准号: 7735762
• 负责人: JOHN J GUINAN
• 金额: $ 32.57万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7735762
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Address; Animals; Attention; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Contralateral; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Drug toxicity; Ear; Feedback; Frequencies; Grant; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Individual; Ipsilateral; Judgment; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Metric; Noise; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Predisposition; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Publishing; Reflex action; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Work; acoustic reflex; base; clinical application; complement C2a; design; indexing; otoacoustic emission; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite work by many investigators, we still do not know the functional role of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. In previous attempts to correlate MOC strength with subject performance, the passive response of the MOC acoustic reflex was measured, not the MOC activation during the task. We are now able to measure MOC activation during a psychophysical task, a new paradigm that greatly increases our ability to test MOC function and descending control in the human auditory system. MOC tests based on otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurements are being used both scientifically and clinically, but the accuracy of such tests has never been ascertained. To maximize the scientific and clinical usefulness of OAE tests we will: Aim (1A,B) Measure MOC effects using the three types of evoked OAEs and compare the resulting MOC-strength metrics in terms of signal/noise ratios and accuracy of subject ranking, using both contralateral and ipsilateral elicitors, and Aim (1C) determine, in humans, MOC reflex strength in terms of changes in cochlear sensitivity, as shown by MOC-induced changes in wave I of the auditory brainstem response. To address the functional significance of the MOC system, we will systematically measure MOC activation levels in psychophysical tasks: (Aim 2A-C) in which MOC activation is expected to aid performance (discrimination of transient signals in noise) vs. those in which no benefit is anticipated, and (Aim 2D-E) to determine MOC frequency selectivity in an active task. The MOC strength tests developed in this work should be useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will develop and evaluate otoacoustic emission tests for the strength of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent feedback to the cochlea. MOC strength tests are useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. 1

描述(申请人提供)：尽管许多研究人员进行了工作，但我们仍然不知道内侧橄榄耳蜗(MOC)传出的功能作用。在之前的将MOC强度与受试者表现联系起来的尝试中，测量的是MOC声反射的被动反应，而不是任务过程中MOC的激活。我们现在能够在心理物理任务中测量MOC的激活，这是一种新的范式，极大地提高了我们测试人类听觉系统中MOC功能和下行控制的能力。基于耳声发射(OAE)测量的MOC测试在科学和临床上都得到了应用，但此类测试的准确性从未得到证实。为了最大限度地发挥OAE测试的科学和临床效用，我们将：Aim(1A，B)使用三种类型的诱发OAE来测量MOC效应，并使用对侧和同侧激发子在信噪比和受试者排名的准确性方面比较所产生的MOC强度指标，并且Aim(1C)根据MOC诱导的听觉脑干反应的波I的变化来确定人类的MOC反射强度。为了解决MOC系统的功能重要性，我们将系统地测量心理物理任务中的MOC激活水平：(目标2A-C)其中MOC的激活预计将有助于性能(区分噪声中的瞬时信号)与那些预期不会受益的性能，以及(目标2D-E)以确定活动任务中的MOC频率选择性。在这项工作中开发的MOC强度测试应该在临床和科学背景下用于预测噪声损伤的易感性，在疾病的诊断和跟踪中，在评估药物的毒性和显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用。这项拟议的工作还将有助于指明这种反馈应在多大程度上应用于助听器和人工耳蜗等假体设备。公共卫生相关性：拟议的工作将开发和评估耳声发射测试，以确定内侧橄榄耳蜗区(MOC)向耳蜗区的传出反馈强度。在临床和科学背景下，MOC强度测试在预测噪声损伤的易感性、疾病的诊断和跟踪、评估药物的毒性以及显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用方面是有用的。这项拟议的工作还将有助于指明这种反馈应在多大程度上应用于助听器和人工耳蜗等假体设备。1