Olivocochlear Reflex in Humans

人类的橄榄耳蜗反射

• 批准号: 8475441
• 负责人: JOHN J GUINAN
• 金额: $ 30.37万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8475441
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Address; Animals; Attention; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Auricular prosthesis; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Contralateral; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Drug toxicity; Ear; Feedback; Frequencies; Grant; Health; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Individual; Ipsilateral; Judgment; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Metric; Noise; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Predisposition; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Publishing; Reflex action; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Work; acoustic reflex; base; clinical application; complement C2a; design; indexing; otoacoustic emission; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite work by many investigators, we still do not know the functional role of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. In previous attempts to correlate MOC strength with subject performance, the passive response of the MOC acoustic reflex was measured, not the MOC activation during the task. We are now able to measure MOC activation during a psychophysical task, a new paradigm that greatly increases our ability to test MOC function and descending control in the human auditory system. MOC tests based on otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurements are being used both scientifically and clinically, but the accuracy of such tests has never been ascertained. To maximize the scientific and clinical usefulness of OAE tests we will: Aim (1A,B) Measure MOC effects using the three types of evoked OAEs and compare the resulting MOC-strength metrics in terms of signal/noise ratios and accuracy of subject ranking, using both contralateral and ipsilateral elicitors, and Aim (1C) determine, in humans, MOC reflex strength in terms of changes in cochlear sensitivity, as shown by MOC-induced changes in wave I of the auditory brainstem response. To address the functional significance of the MOC system, we will systematically measure MOC activation levels in psychophysical tasks: (Aim 2A-C) in which MOC activation is expected to aid performance (discrimination of transient signals in noise) vs. those in which no benefit is anticipated, and (Aim 2D-E) to determine MOC frequency selectivity in an active task. The MOC strength tests developed in this work should be useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管许多研究人员进行了工作，但我们仍然不知道内侧橄榄耳蜗（MOC）传出神经的功能作用。在之前将 MOC 强度与受试者表现相关联的尝试中，测量的是 MOC 声反射的被动响应，而不是任务期间的 MOC 激活。我们现在能够在心理物理学任务期间测量 MOC 激活，这是一种新的范式，大大提高了我们测试 MOC 功能和人类听觉系统的下降控制的能力。基于耳声发射 (OAE) 测量的 MOC 测试正在科学和临床上使用，但此类测试的准确性从未得到确定。为了最大限度地提高 OAE 测试的科学和临床实用性，我们将： 目标 (1A,B) 使用三种诱发的 OAE 测量 MOC 效应，并使用对侧和同侧激发器在信号/噪声比和受试者排名的准确性方面比较所得的 MOC 强度指标，目标 (1C) 确定人类根据耳蜗敏感性变化的 MOC 反射强度，如下所示 由 MOC 引起的听性脑干反应波 I 的变化显示。为了解决 MOC 系统的功能意义，我们将系统地测量心理物理任务中的 MOC 激活水平：（目标 2A-C）其中 MOC 激活预计有助于性能（区分噪声中的瞬态信号）与预期没有任何好处的性能相比，以及（目标 2D-E）以确定活动任务中的 MOC 频率选择性。这项工作中开发的 MOC 强度测试应在临床和科学背景下有用，以预测对噪声损伤的敏感性、疾病的诊断和跟踪、评估药物的毒性以及显示 MOC 反馈在正常听力中的作用。拟议的工作还将有助于表明此类反馈应在多大程度上应用于助听器和人工耳蜗等假肢设备。

项目成果

Efferent inhibition strength is a physiological correlate of hyperacusis in children with autism spectrum disorder.

传出抑制强度是自闭症谱系障碍儿童听觉过敏的生理相关因素。

• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00142.2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of neurophysiology
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Wilson,UzmaS;Sadler,KateM;Hancock,KennethE;GuinanJr,JohnJ;Lichtenhan,JefferyT
• 通讯作者: Lichtenhan,JefferyT

Olivocochlear efferent function: issues regarding methods and the interpretation of results.

橄榄耳蜗传出功能：有关方法和结果解释的问题。

• DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00142
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Frontiers in systems neuroscience
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: GuinanJr,JohnJ

Medial olivocochlear efferent reflex inhibition of human cochlear nerve responses.

内侧橄榄耳蜗传出反射抑制人类耳蜗神经反应。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.001
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Hearing research
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Lichtenhan,JT;Wilson,US;Hancock,KE;GuinanJr,JJ
• 通讯作者: GuinanJr,JJ