Olivocochlear Reflex in Humans

人类的橄榄耳蜗反射

• 批准号: 7878571
• 负责人: JOHN J GUINAN
• 金额: $ 32.87万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7878571
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Address; Animals; Attention; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Contralateral; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Drug toxicity; Ear; Feedback; Frequencies; Grant; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Individual; Ipsilateral; Judgment; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Metric; Noise; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Predisposition; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Publishing; Reflex action; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Work; acoustic reflex; base; clinical application; complement C2a; design; indexing; otoacoustic emission; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite work by many investigators, we still do not know the functional role of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. In previous attempts to correlate MOC strength with subject performance, the passive response of the MOC acoustic reflex was measured, not the MOC activation during the task. We are now able to measure MOC activation during a psychophysical task, a new paradigm that greatly increases our ability to test MOC function and descending control in the human auditory system. MOC tests based on otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurements are being used both scientifically and clinically, but the accuracy of such tests has never been ascertained. To maximize the scientific and clinical usefulness of OAE tests we will: Aim (1A,B) Measure MOC effects using the three types of evoked OAEs and compare the resulting MOC-strength metrics in terms of signal/noise ratios and accuracy of subject ranking, using both contralateral and ipsilateral elicitors, and Aim (1C) determine, in humans, MOC reflex strength in terms of changes in cochlear sensitivity, as shown by MOC-induced changes in wave I of the auditory brainstem response. To address the functional significance of the MOC system, we will systematically measure MOC activation levels in psychophysical tasks: (Aim 2A-C) in which MOC activation is expected to aid performance (discrimination of transient signals in noise) vs. those in which no benefit is anticipated, and (Aim 2D-E) to determine MOC frequency selectivity in an active task. The MOC strength tests developed in this work should be useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will develop and evaluate otoacoustic emission tests for the strength of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent feedback to the cochlea. MOC strength tests are useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管许多研究人员工作，但我们仍然不知道内侧橄榄石（MOC）传播的功能作用。在先前将MOC强度与受试者性能相关联的尝试中，测量了MOC声音反射的被动反应，而不是任务过程中的MOC激活。现在，我们能够在心理物理任务期间测量MOC激活，这是一种新的范式，可大大提高我们测试MOC功能并在人类听觉系统中进行控制的能力。基于耳声发射（OAE）测量的MOC测试既在科学和临床上都使用，但是从未确定此类测试的准确性。 To maximize the scientific and clinical usefulness of OAE tests we will: Aim (1A,B) Measure MOC effects using the three types of evoked OAEs and compare the resulting MOC-strength metrics in terms of signal/noise ratios and accuracy of subject ranking, using both contralateral and ipsilateral elicitors, and Aim (1C) determine, in humans, MOC reflex strength in terms of changes in cochlear sensitivity, as由MOC诱导的听觉脑干响应的波浪变化所示。为了解决MOC系统的功能意义，我们将系统地测量心理物理任务中的MOC激活水平：（ AIM 2A-C）预计MOC激活有助于性能（在噪声中歧视瞬态信号）与预期无益处的瞬态信号的歧视，并（AIM 2D-E）确定MOC选择在主动任务中的MOC频率。在这项工作中开发的MOC强度测试应在临床和科学环境中有用，以预测噪声损伤的易感性，在疾病的诊断和跟踪，评估药物的毒性并显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用。拟议的工作还将有助于指出应在助听器和人工耳蜗等假肢设备中提出此类反馈的程度。公共卫生相关性：拟议的工作将开发和评估耳声排放测试，以实现内侧橄榄石（MOC）对耳蜗的反馈。 MOC强度测试在临床和科学环境中很有用，可以预测噪声损伤的易感性，诊断和跟踪疾病，评估药物的毒性并显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用。拟议的工作还将有助于指出应在助听器和人工耳蜗等假肢设备中提出此类反馈的程度。 1