Olivocochlear Reflex in Humans

人类的橄榄耳蜗反射

• 批准号: 8279363
• 负责人: JOHN J GUINAN
• 金额: $ 31.97万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8279363
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Address; Animals; Attention; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Auricular prosthesis; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Contralateral; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Drug toxicity; Ear; Feedback; Frequencies; Grant; Health; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Individual; Ipsilateral; Judgment; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Metric; Noise; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Predisposition; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Publishing; Reflex action; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Work; acoustic reflex; base; clinical application; complement C2a; design; indexing; otoacoustic emission; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite work by many investigators, we still do not know the functional role of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. In previous attempts to correlate MOC strength with subject performance, the passive response of the MOC acoustic reflex was measured, not the MOC activation during the task. We are now able to measure MOC activation during a psychophysical task, a new paradigm that greatly increases our ability to test MOC function and descending control in the human auditory system. MOC tests based on otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurements are being used both scientifically and clinically, but the accuracy of such tests has never been ascertained. To maximize the scientific and clinical usefulness of OAE tests we will: Aim (1A,B) Measure MOC effects using the three types of evoked OAEs and compare the resulting MOC-strength metrics in terms of signal/noise ratios and accuracy of subject ranking, using both contralateral and ipsilateral elicitors, and Aim (1C) determine, in humans, MOC reflex strength in terms of changes in cochlear sensitivity, as shown by MOC-induced changes in wave I of the auditory brainstem response. To address the functional significance of the MOC system, we will systematically measure MOC activation levels in psychophysical tasks: (Aim 2A-C) in which MOC activation is expected to aid performance (discrimination of transient signals in noise) vs. those in which no benefit is anticipated, and (Aim 2D-E) to determine MOC frequency selectivity in an active task. The MOC strength tests developed in this work should be useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will develop and evaluate otoacoustic emission tests for the strength of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent feedback to the cochlea. MOC strength tests are useful in clinical and scientific contexts to predict susceptibility to noise damage, in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases, in evaluating the toxicity of drugs and to show the role of MOC feedback in normal hearing. The proposed work will also help to indicate the extent to which such feedback should be put in hearing aids and prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管许多研究人员的工作，我们仍然不知道内侧橄榄耳蜗（MOC）传出神经的功能作用。在先前将MOC强度与受试者表现相关联的尝试中，测量的是MOC声反射的被动反应，而不是任务期间的MOC激活。我们现在能够在心理物理任务中测量MOC激活，这是一种新的范式，大大提高了我们测试MOC功能和人类听觉系统下行控制的能力。基于耳声发射（OAE）测量的MOC测试正在科学和临床上使用，但此类测试的准确性从未被确定。为了最大限度地提高OAE测试的科学和临床实用性，我们将：目的（1A，B）使用三种类型的诱发OAE测量MOC效应，并使用对侧和同侧激发器，在信号/噪声比和受试者分级的准确性方面比较所得的MOC强度度量，以及目的（1C）在人类中，在耳蜗敏感性的变化方面确定MOC反射强度，如MOC诱导的听性脑干反应I波的变化所示。为了解决MOC系统的功能意义，我们将系统地测量心理物理任务中的MOC激活水平：（目标2A-C），其中MOC激活预计有助于表现（区分噪声中的瞬态信号）与预期没有益处的那些，以及（目标2D-E）确定活动任务中的MOC频率选择性。在这项工作中开发的MOC强度测试应该是有用的，在临床和科学背景下，以预测对噪声损伤的敏感性，在疾病的诊断和跟踪，在评估药物的毒性，并显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用。拟议的工作还将有助于表明这种反馈应在多大程度上应用于助听器和人工耳蜗植入等假体装置。公共卫生相关性：拟议的工作将开发和评估耳声发射测试内侧橄榄耳蜗（MOC）传出反馈到耳蜗的强度。MOC强度测试在临床和科学背景下可用于预测对噪声损伤的敏感性，诊断和跟踪疾病，评估药物毒性以及显示MOC反馈在正常听力中的作用。拟议的工作还将有助于表明这种反馈应在多大程度上应用于助听器和人工耳蜗植入等假体装置。1