Physiological analysis of retronasal olfaction

鼻后嗅觉的生理分析

• 批准号: 7870681
• 负责人: JOHN W SCOTT
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7870681
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Aging; Air; Altered Taste; Animals; Attention; Breathing; Cells; Complex; Data; Deglutition; Dependence; Diffusion; Disease; Esthesia; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Flavoring; Food; Food Preferences; Human; Hydrophobicity; Investigation; Lateral; Lead; Literature; Mastication; Modeling; Motor; Mouth Breathing; Movement; Mucous body substance; Nature; Nose; Obesity; Odors; Olfactory Epithelium; Oral cavity; Output; Pattern; Perception; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Preparation; Property; Psychophysiology; Rabies; Rattus; Receptor Cell; Relative (related person); Resolution; Respiration; Response Latencies; Route; Series; Smell Perception; Solubility; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trachea; Trigeminal System; Work; chemical property; expiration; functional group; interest; molecular polarity; molecular size; olfactory bulb; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Odorized air can enter the nose orthonasally through the external nares during inspiration or during sniffing. It can also enter retronasally during expiration or with swallowing and chewing movements. Human and some animal studies have indicated that there are differences in the sensations evoked between the orthonasal and retronasal routes. Retronasal olfaction is functionally important in appreciation of flavor and could well contribute to changes in flavor appreciation in aging and disease. Retronasal olfaction may also be differentially sensitive to the fat content of food thus contributing to food preferences that are very relevant to the issue of obesity. Some evidence from the literature suggests that physico-chemical properties of odorants may account for some of the differences in perception between orthonasal and retronasal stimulation, although very likely trigeminal sensation and/or coordinated activity in motor centers may also contribute. Air flow rate in the nose interacts with physicochemical properties of odorants (including mucosal solubility and diffusibility in air). Our recordings of rat electroolfactograms during orthonasal and retronasal stimulation show that the retronasal route gives a greatly reduced response for polar (hydrophilic) odorants with preserved responses to non-polar (hydrophobic) odorants. This investigation will utilize electroolfactogram recordings and recordings from the olfactory bulb to study how odorant properties interact with air flow parameters both orthonasally and retronasally. We will investigate whether this preparation can be used as a model of retronasal olfaction and will specifically include a range of flavor odorants. Retronasal inputs in the rat seem to preferentially activate the lateral recesses of the olfactory epithelium. This may also provide a useful tool for study of olfactory bulb physiology because a single stimulus can lead to very different patterns of action in the bulb depending on the route of presentation.

描述（由申请人提供）：有气味的空气可以在吸气或嗅探过程中通过外鼻孔从正鼻进入鼻子。它还可以在呼气时或吞咽和咀嚼运动时进入鼻后。人类和一些动物研究表明，鼻前途径和鼻后途径引起的感觉存在差异。鼻后嗅觉对于风味的鉴赏具有重要的功能，并且很可能有助于衰老和疾病时风味鉴赏的变化。鼻后嗅觉也可能对食物的脂肪含量有不同的敏感度，从而导致与肥胖问题密切相关的食物偏好。文献中的一些证据表明，气味剂的物理化学特性可能解释了鼻前刺激和鼻后刺激之间感知的一些差异，尽管三叉神经感觉和/或运动中枢的协调活动也很可能有所贡献。鼻子中的空气流速与气味物质的物理化学性质（包括粘膜溶解度和在空气中的扩散性）相互作用。我们在鼻前和鼻后刺激过程中对大鼠嗅电图的记录表明，鼻后途径对极性（亲水性）气味剂的反应大大降低，而对非极性（疏水性）气味剂的反应保留。这项研究将利用嗅觉电图记录和嗅球记录来研究气味特性如何与鼻前和鼻后气流参数相互作用。我们将研究该制剂是否可以用作鼻后嗅觉模型，并且将特别包括一系列风味气味剂。大鼠的鼻后输入似乎优先激活嗅上皮的侧隐窝。这也可能为研究嗅球生理学提供一个有用的工具，因为根据呈现途径，单一刺激可能会导致嗅球产生非常不同的作用模式。