Physiological analysis of retronasal olfaction

鼻后嗅觉的生理分析

• 批准号: 7844557
• 负责人: JOHN W SCOTT
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7844557
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Aging; Air; Altered Taste; Animals; Attention; Breathing; Cells; Complex; Data; Deglutition; Dependence; Diffusion; Disease; Esthesia; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Flavoring; Food; Food Preferences; Human; Hydrophobicity; Investigation; Lateral; Lead; Literature; Mastication; Modeling; Motor; Mouth Breathing; Movement; Mucous body substance; Nature; Nose; Obesity; Odors; Olfactory Epithelium; Oral cavity; Output; Pattern; Perception; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Preparation; Property; Psychophysiology; Rabies; Rattus; Receptor Cell; Relative (related person); Resolution; Respiration; Response Latencies; Route; Series; Smell Perception; Solubility; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trachea; Trigeminal System; Work; chemical property; expiration; functional group; interest; molecular polarity; molecular size; olfactory bulb; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Odorized air can enter the nose orthonasally through the external nares during inspiration or during sniffing. It can also enter retronasally during expiration or with swallowing and chewing movements. Human and some animal studies have indicated that there are differences in the sensations evoked between the orthonasal and retronasal routes. Retronasal olfaction is functionally important in appreciation of flavor and could well contribute to changes in flavor appreciation in aging and disease. Retronasal olfaction may also be differentially sensitive to the fat content of food thus contributing to food preferences that are very relevant to the issue of obesity. Some evidence from the literature suggests that physico-chemical properties of odorants may account for some of the differences in perception between orthonasal and retronasal stimulation, although very likely trigeminal sensation and/or coordinated activity in motor centers may also contribute. Air flow rate in the nose interacts with physicochemical properties of odorants (including mucosal solubility and diffusibility in air). Our recordings of rat electroolfactograms during orthonasal and retronasal stimulation show that the retronasal route gives a greatly reduced response for polar (hydrophilic) odorants with preserved responses to non-polar (hydrophobic) odorants. This investigation will utilize electroolfactogram recordings and recordings from the olfactory bulb to study how odorant properties interact with air flow parameters both orthonasally and retronasally. We will investigate whether this preparation can be used as a model of retronasal olfaction and will specifically include a range of flavor odorants. Retronasal inputs in the rat seem to preferentially activate the lateral recesses of the olfactory epithelium. This may also provide a useful tool for study of olfactory bulb physiology because a single stimulus can lead to very different patterns of action in the bulb depending on the route of presentation.

描述（由申请人提供）：气味的空气可以在灵感或嗅探期间通过外部鼻孔正正鼻。它也可以在到期期间向后进行，或者吞咽和咀嚼运动。人类和一些动物研究表明，正骨和腹侧路线之间引起的感觉存在差异。后鼻嗅觉在欣赏风味中在功能上很重要，并且很可能有助于衰老和疾病的风味欣赏。后后嗅觉也可能对食物的脂肪含量有不同的敏感，从而导致与肥胖问题非常相关的食物偏好。文献中的一些证据表明，气味剂的物理化学特性可能解释了正交和肾后刺激之间的某些感知差异，尽管运动中心中的三叉色感官和/或协调活性也可能有助于。鼻子中的空气流量与气味剂的物理化学特性相互作用（包括粘膜溶解度和空气中的扩散性）。我们对正交和后侧骨刺激期间大鼠电性图的记录表明，腹侧途径可大大降低对非极（疏水性）气味剂的响应的极（亲水）气味剂。这项研究将利用嗅球的电动图记录和记录，以研究气味特性如何与空气流参数相互作用。我们将调查是否可以将这种制剂用作后侧向嗅觉的模型，并专门包括一系列风味气味。大鼠中的后侧输入似乎优先激活嗅觉上皮的侧向凹处。这也可能为研究嗅球生理学的研究提供了有用的工具，因为单个刺激可以根据表现途径导致灯泡的作用方式非常不同。