ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING OF TEMPORAL INFORMATION

时间信息的注意力处理

• 批准号: 7889788
• 负责人: CATALIN V. BUHUSI
• 金额: $ 32万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-04 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7889788
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Affect; Agonist; Algorithms; Animal Model; Animals; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Clocks; Brain; Characteristics; Clinical Treatment; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Dopamine; Dopamine D2 Receptor; Dyslexia; Early Diagnosis; Event; Glutamate Agonist; Glutamates; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Huntington Disease; Infusion procedures; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Medial; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Physiological; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Property; Receptor Activation; Reproduction; Resource Allocation; Resources; Risk; Role; Schizophrenia; Serotonin; Signal Transduction; Site; Statistical Methods; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Training; Work; abstracting; behavior measurement; classical conditioning; frontal lobe; improved; information processing; neural circuit; neurophysiology; patient population; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; simulation; theories; time interval; time use; tool; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Fundamental behavioral processes such as associative learning, rate calculation and decision making crucially rely on estimation and reproduction of time intervals in the seconds-to-minutes range (interval timing). These processes are disrupted in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Schizophrenia. This project will further our understanding of the disruptions of cognitive processes in these disorders by investigating the impact of characteristics of events on the ability to keep track of time. One of the underlying assumptions of most timing theories is that subjects are able to readily abstract from the input stimulus the temporal information, and to tune their behavior according to this cue, irrespective of non-temporal properties the real timed event. In contrast, evidence suggests that both animal and human timing is highly sensitive to properties of the timed signal. Such data support a resource allocation theory which posits that attentional and memory resources dedicated to interval timing may be re-allocated for other cognitive processes, which in turn may hinder timing. The main objective of this proposal is to study attentional processing of temporal information in the seconds-to-minutes range (interval timing) using combined behavioral, physiological, and computational approaches. Behaviorally, we will study the effects of non-temporal features of events on the re-allocation of attentional and memory resources when subjects time one or multiple durations. At the physiological level, we propose to dissect the neural circuits involved in the interaction between the internal clock and the resource allocation mechanisms using neuropsychopharmacological methods, specifically by local infusions of specific agonist and antagonists in key sites of the neural circuit in order to manipulate it and gain knowledge of its functioning. Computationally, we propose to evaluate two models of re-allocation of resources, in order to address the effect of behavioral and pharmacological manipulations on attentional processing of temporal information, and to arrive at predictions that warrant further experimental investigation. The studies will help elucidate the behavioral, neural, and computational mechanisms involved when we pay attention to timed stimuli, and will improve our understanding of the impact of attentional factors on complex cognitive processes that require temporal information, processes which may be disrupted in disorders like Parkinson, Huntington, and Schizophrenia. The results of the project can be used to devise behavioral measures for the early assessment of such disorders, and to understand the cognitive processes disrupted when these substrates are dysfunctional. This information is crucial to assessing the value/efficiency of potential treatment strategies in animal models of such disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Keeping track of when events occur, and their duration, is fundamental for learning, rate estimation, and decision making. These processes are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Schizophrenia and Dyslexia. By studying the impact of attentional factors on cognitive mechanisms that require temporal processing, the present project will (a) allow the development of easy to use criteria for early diagnose of these disorders, (b) enhance our understanding of the brain circuits involved in these disorders, (c) help the assessment of the value/efficiency of potential treatment strategies in animal models of such disorders, which is crucial for developing clinical treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）：基本的行为过程，如联想学习、速率计算和决策制定，主要依赖于秒到分钟范围内的时间间隔的估计和再现（间隔计时）。这些过程在帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病和精神分裂症中被破坏。这个项目将通过调查事件特征对跟踪时间能力的影响，进一步了解这些疾病中认知过程的中断。大多数计时理论的基本假设之一是，受试者能够容易地从输入刺激中提取时间信息，并根据此线索调整他们的行为，而不管真实的计时事件的非时间属性。相比之下，有证据表明，动物和人类的时间是非常敏感的定时信号的属性。这些数据支持一种资源分配理论，该理论认为，专用于间隔计时的注意力和记忆资源可以重新分配给其他认知过程，这反过来可能会阻碍计时。 这个建议的主要目标是研究注意处理的时间信息在秒到分钟的范围内（间隔计时）使用相结合的行为，生理和计算的方法。在行为上，我们将研究事件的非时间特征对受试者在一个或多个持续时间时注意和记忆资源重新分配的影响。在生理水平上，我们建议使用神经精神药理学方法，特别是通过在神经回路的关键部位局部注入特定的激动剂和拮抗剂，以操纵它并获得其功能的知识，来解剖参与内部时钟和资源分配机制之间相互作用的神经回路。在计算上，我们建议评估两种模型的资源重新分配，以解决注意处理的时间信息的行为和药理学操作的影响，并达到预测，保证进一步的实验研究。 这些研究将有助于阐明当我们注意定时刺激时所涉及的行为、神经和计算机制，并将提高我们对注意力因素对需要时间信息的复杂认知过程的影响的理解，这些过程可能在帕金森、亨廷顿和精神分裂症等疾病中被破坏。该项目的结果可用于设计行为措施，以早期评估此类疾病，并了解这些基质功能失调时中断的认知过程。这些信息对于评估此类疾病动物模型中潜在治疗策略的价值/效率至关重要。 公共卫生相关性：跟踪事件发生的时间及其持续时间，是学习、估计发病率和制定决策的基础。这些过程在帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、精神分裂症和阅读障碍患者中受损。通过研究注意力因素对需要时间处理的认知机制的影响，本项目将（a）允许开发易于使用的早期诊断这些疾病的标准，（B）增强我们对这些疾病所涉及的脑回路的理解，（c）帮助评估此类疾病动物模型中潜在治疗策略的价值/效率，这对临床治疗的发展至关重要。