FMRI STUDIES OF EMOTION AND MOVEMENT

描述（由申请人提供）：申请人的长期目标是深入了解情绪和运动系统如何在人脑的行为、神经生物学和神经化学水平上相互作用。来自非人类灵长类动物研究的最新证据确定了两种整合机制，允许情感和运动信息在平行的皮质-纹状体-皮质环路中传递。情感环路（丘脑）和运动环路（黑质）内的特定核团是这些整合机制的关键组成部分。基于申请人之前的工作，当前的提案将首次使用精确的实验设计和最先进的 3 特斯拉功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来测试从人脑中的这些综合模型得出的假设。该提案将确定力的产生如何改变处理情绪信息的区域（即情感环）的神经元活动，以及情绪处理如何改变处理运动信息的区域（即运动环）的神经元活动。拟议的研究将测量人类受试者被动观看情感和中性图像以及在产生力的同时观看情感和中性图像时的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号变化和等长力输出。这些实验将检验两个特定目标的四个假设。目标 la 测试了这样的假设：观看情感图像会增加所有情感环核内的活动。目标 Ib 测试了这样的假设：当情绪和运动过程配对在一起时，背内侧丘脑将显示出增加的 BOLD 信号。目标 2a 检验了以下假设：力的产生会增加所有运动环核内的活动。目标 2b 测试了以下假设：当情绪和运动过程配对在一起时，黑质将显示出增强的 BOLD 信号。该提案产生的结果将激发申请人下一阶段的长期目标，即了解手术（深部脑刺激）和药理学（多巴胺）干预措施如何改变患有共病情绪和运动异常（双相情感障碍、帕金森病）的临床人群中这些整合机制的功能。情绪障碍可表现为运动缺陷，基底神经节运动障碍可表现为情绪缺陷。人脑中整合情感和运动的机制仍然很大程度上未知。了解整合情绪和运动过程的神经回路将为寻求调节和促进情绪和/或运动功能的干预措施提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term objective of the applicant is to develop a deep understanding of how emotion and motor systems interact at the behavioral, neurobiological, and neurochemical level in the human brain. Recent evidence from studies in non-human primates identifies two integrative mechanisms that allow emotion and motor information to be transferred across parallel cortico-striatal-cortico loops. Specific nuclei within the affective loop (thalamus) and motor loop (substantia nigra) are key components of these integrative mechanisms. Building on the prior work of the applicant the current proposal will, for the first time, test hypotheses derived from these integrative models in the human brain using precise experimental design and state of the art functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The proposal will determine how force production alters neuronal activity in regions that process emotional information (i.e., affective loop) and how emotional processing alters neuronal activity in regions that process motor information (i.e., motor loop). The proposed studies will measure blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal change and isometric force output from human subjects while they passively view emotional and neutral images and while they view emotional and neutral images while generating force. The experiments will examine four hypotheses in two specific aims. Aim la tests the hypothesis that viewing emotional images increases activity within all affective loop nuclei. Aim Ib tests the hypothesis that the dorsomedial thalamus will show increased BOLD signal when emotion and motor processes are paired together. Aim 2a tests the hypothesis that force production increases activity within all motor loop nuclei. Aim 2b tests the hypothesis that the substantia nigra will show increased BOLD signal when emotion and motor processes are paired together. Findings generated from this proposal will motivate the next phase of the applicant's long term objective which will be to understand how surgical (deep brain stimulation) and pharmacological (dopamine) interventions alter the functioning of these integrative mechanisms in clinical populations with co-morbid emotional and motor abnormalities (bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease). Emotional disorders can present with motor deficits, and motor disorders of the basal ganglia can present with emotional deficits. The mechanism in the human brain that integrates emotion and movement remains largely unknown. Understanding the neural circuits that integrate emotion and motor processes will inform interventions that seek to regulate and facilitate emotional and/or motor function.