Stressors and their impact on health related addictions: smoking, drinking, BMI

总体目标是检查压力对成人多种成瘾之间相互作用的影响，使用 严谨的社会科学方法。我们检查吸烟、酗酒和暴饮暴食，并建立 使用两个大型纵向数据集建立压力如何影响成瘾模式的计量经济学模型。我们 评估压力和成瘾之间的多方向因果关系。 具体目标1：使用丰富的具有全国代表性的大型个人数据集，对其进行建模和分析 不同类型的压力分别影响吸烟、饮酒和暴饮暴食(BMI)和AS的复杂方式 当控制调解和其他因素时的系统。我们将检查成瘾的模式并分析 上瘾对压力的反应的相互作用。 具体目标1a：模拟和评估压力如何影响三种成瘾 分开的。这些估计提供了直接的相关信息，并作为建设 阻碍了对成瘾系统的建模。 具体目标1b：使用多种方法，经验性地解决因果关系与 压力与成瘾之间的相关性。 具体目标1c：在前面步骤的基础上，模拟 上瘾和上瘾之间的相互作用受到压力的影响。我们将首先描述 模式，然后估计模型。 具体目标2：研究成瘾之间的压力和相互作用之间的关系如何因性别而异， 年龄、教育程度和种族。 具体目标3；通过与IRC同事合作，根据以下情况解释我们关于成瘾模式的结果 关于压力对成瘾影响的不同理论，并开发可检验的假说来区分 他们。 具体目标4(探索性)；通过与IRC同事合作，实证调查 上瘾和压力会影响心率变异性。 具体目标5：通过与IRC各组成部分合作，制定我们调查结果的政策影响 并向科学家、政策制定者和其他人传播研究结果和政策含义。

The overall aim is to examine impacts of stress on the interplay among multiple addictions in adults, using rigorous social science methods. We examine smoking, misuse of alcohol, and overeating, and build econometric models of how stress affects patterns of addictions using two large longitudinal datasets. We assess multidirectional causality among stress and addictions. Specific Aim 1: Using a large, rich nationally representative data set of individuals, model and analyze complex ways that stress of different types affects smoking, drinking and overeating (BMI) separately and as a system when controlling for mediating and other factors. We will examine patterns of addiction and analyze the interplay across addictions in response to stress. Specific Aim 1a: Model and estimate how stress affects each of the three addictions separately. These estimates provide direct information of relevance and serve as building blocks to modeling the system of addictions. Specific Aim 1b: Using multiple methods, empirically address issues of causality versus correlation between stress and the addictions. Specific Aim 1c: Building on the findings from the earlier steps, model how patterns of addiction and the interplay among addictions are affected by stress. We will first describe the patterns and then estimate models. Specific Aim 2: Examine how relationships among stress and interplay among addictions vary by gender, age, education and race. Specific Aim 3; By collaborating with IRC colleagues, interpret our results on patterns of addiction in light of different theories of the impact of stress on addiction and develop testable hypotheses to distinguish among them. Specific Aim 4 (Exploratory); Through collaborating with IRC colleagues, empirically investigate how addictions and stress affect heart rate variability. Specific Aim 5: By collaborating with components of the IRC, develop policy implications of our findings and disseminate findings and policy implications to scientists, policy-makers, and others.