Stressors and their impact on health related addictions: smoking, drinking, BMI

总体目标是研究压力对成年人多种成瘾之间相互作用的影响，使用 严谨的社会科学方法。我们检查吸烟，滥用酒精，暴饮暴食， 压力如何影响成瘾模式的计量经济学模型，使用两个大型纵向数据集。我们 评估压力和成瘾之间的多方向因果关系。 具体目标1：使用大量、丰富的全国代表性个人数据集，进行建模和分析 复杂的方式，不同类型的压力分别影响吸烟，饮酒和暴饮暴食（BMI）， 一个控制调解和其他因素的系统。我们将研究成瘾的模式并分析 成瘾与压力的相互作用 具体目标1a：模拟和估计压力如何影响三种成瘾 分开这些估计数提供了直接的相关信息， 对成瘾系统建模的障碍。 具体目标1b：使用多种方法，从经验上解决因果关系与 压力和成瘾之间的关系。 具体目标1c：基于前面步骤的发现，建立 成瘾和成瘾之间的相互作用受到压力的影响。我们将首先描述 模式，然后估计模型。 具体目标2：研究压力之间的关系和成瘾之间的相互作用如何因性别而异， 年龄、教育程度和种族。 具体目标3：通过与IRC同事合作，根据以下方面解释我们关于成瘾模式的结果： 压力对成瘾的影响的不同理论，并发展可检验的假设，以区分 他们 具体目标4（探索性）;通过与IRC同事合作，以经验为基础研究如何 成瘾和压力影响心率变异性。 具体目标5：通过与独立研究委员会各组成部分合作，发展我们的研究结果的政策含义 并向科学家、决策者和其他人传播研究结果和政策含义。

The overall aim is to examine impacts of stress on the interplay among multiple addictions in adults, using rigorous social science methods. We examine smoking, misuse of alcohol, and overeating, and build econometric models of how stress affects patterns of addictions using two large longitudinal datasets. We assess multidirectional causality among stress and addictions. Specific Aim 1: Using a large, rich nationally representative data set of individuals, model and analyze complex ways that stress of different types affects smoking, drinking and overeating (BMI) separately and as a system when controlling for mediating and other factors. We will examine patterns of addiction and analyze the interplay across addictions in response to stress. Specific Aim 1a: Model and estimate how stress affects each of the three addictions separately. These estimates provide direct information of relevance and serve as building blocks to modeling the system of addictions. Specific Aim 1b: Using multiple methods, empirically address issues of causality versus correlation between stress and the addictions. Specific Aim 1c: Building on the findings from the earlier steps, model how patterns of addiction and the interplay among addictions are affected by stress. We will first describe the patterns and then estimate models. Specific Aim 2: Examine how relationships among stress and interplay among addictions vary by gender, age, education and race. Specific Aim 3; By collaborating with IRC colleagues, interpret our results on patterns of addiction in light of different theories of the impact of stress on addiction and develop testable hypotheses to distinguish among them. Specific Aim 4 (Exploratory); Through collaborating with IRC colleagues, empirically investigate how addictions and stress affect heart rate variability. Specific Aim 5: By collaborating with components of the IRC, develop policy implications of our findings and disseminate findings and policy implications to scientists, policy-makers, and others.