Financial Motivations to Quit Smoking and Prevent Related Economic Costs

描述（由申请人提供）：总体目标是通过在非医疗场所采取新颖、有效的预防措施，预防所有吸烟者（尤其是低收入吸烟者）未来烟草相关的发病率、死亡率和医疗费用。我们的目标是通过建立实证基础来实现这一目标，并开始根据戒烟的财务信息来制定更有效的戒烟动机。开发这种低成本、基于人口的干预措施将扩大分娩环境的数量。这种非医疗环境可以包括杂货店、银行、支票兑现地点、税务准备办公室等，每一个都可以提供自己的与吸烟成本有关的可教时刻。财务动机可以针对特殊人群，例如，通过戒烟或为你的新生儿省钱来加倍你的退税。新的场所和使用有效、低成本的干预措施将有助于降低低收入吸烟者的吸烟率，并将解决吸烟、健康和收入方面的差距。我们将通过在线网络实验和调查，测试戒烟的经济激励是否比健康激励更有效。我们将通过测试引发收件人思考其财务状况和根据其特定吸烟模式量身定制的影响来优化财务信息。根据这些发现和我们在成瘾治疗和行为经济学方面的专业知识，我们将开始为低收入吸烟者开发一种低成本的干预措施。有效的、基于人口的方法减轻了负担过重的卫生保健系统的压力，与强调卫生保健改革和为低收入社区提供预防方案相一致。 目标1：确定戒烟的经济动机是否比健康动机更有效。1.a.分析哪些因素导致了戒烟的财务或健康信息的相对有效性的差异。个人和当地社区的收入是一个关键因素，但年龄、性别、教育、吸烟状况、其他社区措施和州烟草政策也将受到审查。 目标2：确定是否引发吸烟者考虑财务或健康问题，使戒烟的信息更有效。2.a.分析哪些因素使不同的启动类型更有效，例如，检查收入，年龄，性别，教育，吸烟状况和国家烟草政策的差异。 探索性目标3：探索定制信息和一般信息哪个更有效。3.a.探索哪些因素导致了信息类型的有效性差异，目的是了解哪种启动类型更有效;同样，收入是一个关键因素，但我们也将研究其他因素。 探索性目标4：开始开发一个可扩展的、基于人群的戒烟干预措施，其基础是根据上述发现认识到吸烟的机会成本，并利用我们在吸烟者经济激励方面的专业知识。 公共卫生相关性：我们的首要目标是预防所有吸烟者，特别是低收入吸烟者未来与烟草有关的发病率、死亡率和医疗费用。我们将研究戒烟的经济动机比健康动机更强大的程度，特别是对低收入人群，并利用我们的研究结果开始制定干预措施。这将为更多的研究铺平道路，我们相信这些研究最终将帮助低收入吸烟者戒烟，从而有助于消除吸烟、健康和收入方面的差距。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal is to prevent future tobacco-related morbidity, mortality and medical care expenses in all smokers, but especially low-income smokers by adoption of novel, effective prevention measures delivered in non-medical venues. We aim to accomplish this by building the empirical basis and beginning to develop a more effective motivation to quit smoking based on a financial message to quit. Developing such a low-cost, population-based, intervention would expand the number of delivery settings. Such non-medical settings could include grocery stores, banks, check-cashing locations, tax preparation offices, etc., each of which may offer its own teachable moments related to costs of smoking. The financial motivation can be tailored to special populations, e.g., double your tax refund by quitting smoking or save money for your new baby. New venues and use of an effective, low-cost intervention will aid in reducing the smoking rates of low-income smokers and will address disparities in smoking, health and income. Using online web-based experiments and surveys, we will test whether the financial incentive to quit smoking is more effective than the health incentive. We will optimize the financial message by testing the impact of both priming the recipients to think about their financial situation and by tailoring to their specific smoking pattern. Based on the findings and our expertise in addiction treatment and behavioral economics, we will begin to develop a low-cost, intervention for low-income smokers. Effective, population-based approaches reduce the strain on the overburdened health care system, consistent with the emphasis on health care reform and providing prevention programs for low-income communities. Aim 1: Determine whether the financial motivation to stop smoking is more effective than the health motivation. 1.a. Analyze which factors account for differences in the relative effectiveness of the financial or health message to quit smoking. Income of both the individual and the local community is a key factor, but age, gender, education, smoking status, other community measures, and state tobacco policies will be examined. Aim 2: Determine whether priming smokers to consider financial or health issues makes the message to quit more effective. 2.a. Analyze which factors make different priming types more effective, e.g., examine differences by income, age, gender, education, smoking status, and state tobacco policies. Exploratory Aim 3: Explore whether a tailored or general message is more effective. 3.a. Explore which factors account for differences in the effectiveness of message type with the goal of understanding for who each priming type is more effective; again income is a key factor but we will also examine other factors. Exploratory Aim 4: Begin developing a scalable, population-based smoking cessation intervention based on recognizing the opportunity cost of smoking based on findings from above and by using our expertise in economic incentives for smokers. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our overriding goal is the prevention of future tobacco-related morbidity, mortality and medical care expenses in all smokers, and especially low-income smokers. We will examine the extent to which financial motivation to quit smoking is more powerful than the health motivation, especially for low-income individuals, and use our findings to begin developing interventions. This will pave the way for additional research that we believe will eventually help low-income smokers to quit smoking, and thus help combat disparities in smoking, health and income.