Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Decision and Control

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将研究速度决策的优化，以及通过平衡性能成本和收益来服务于这种优化的控制和监控机制。这些工作将在两个具体目标下进行。首先，我们将在前一阶段的理论工作的基础上，使用漂移扩散模型和神经网络建模来产生关于行为和控制下神经机制动力学的详细预测。在这里，我们的目标是使用行为、功能磁共振成像和电生理技术来测试这些预测，并与项目6中持续的建模和分析工作相协调。这些研究将解决两种选择的强制选择任务，其中必须在正确（奖励）和不正确（无奖励）的选择之间做出快速决策，这些任务也将在项目2、4和5中在人类发育和非人类灵长类动物种群中进行探索。在第二项补充工作中，我们将把我们的调查扩展到需要对替代行动方案的相对成本和收益进行更分级评估的决策。许多决策并不涉及正确与不正确（奖励与不奖励）选项之间的简单选择，而是需要对选项的相对成本和收益进行评估。我们将使用行为、成像、电生理和瞳孔测量方法来描述在这种情况下评估成本和收益所涉及的神经机制，以及如何将这些评估结合起来计算任务内部和任务之间的效用和控制决策。第二条研究的实验将平行于项目4中的发展研究和项目5中的神经生理学研究，以检验在明确的选择和探索其他选择之间的决定。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will study the optimization of speeded decisions, and the control and monitoring mechanisms that serve this optimization by balancing performance costs and benefits. These lines of work will be pursued under two specific aims. First, we will build on theoretical work from the previous period, which used the drift diffusion model and neural network modeling to produce detailed predictions about behavior and the dynamics of neural mechanisms underlying control. Here, we aim to test these predictions using behavioral, fMRI, and electrophysiological techniques, in coordination with continued modeling and analysis work in Project 6. These studies will address two-alternative forced choice tasks in which speeded decisions must be made between a correct (rewarded) and incorrect (unrewarded) alternative, tasks that will also be explored within human developmental and non-human primate populations in Projects 2, 4, and 5. In a second, complementary line of work, we will extend our investigation to decisions that require a more graded evaluation of the relative costs and benefits of alternative courses of action. Many decisions do not involve a simple choice between correct vs. incorrect (rewarded vs. unrewarded) alternatives, but rather require an evaluation of the relative costs and benefits of the options. We will use behavioral, imaging, electrophysiological, and pupillometric methods to characterize the neural mechanisms involved in evaluating costs and benefits in such circumstances, and how these evaluations are combined to compute utility and control decision-making within and between tasks. Experiments in this second line of studies will parallel developmental studies in Project 4 and neurophysiological studies in Project 5 examining the decision between a well-defined alternative versus the opportunity to explore other alternatives.