Cultural Factors Underlying Obesity in Latino Men

描述（由申请人提供）：超重和肥胖与某些类型的癌症有关，西班牙裔/拉丁裔-美国最大的少数民族群体-不成比例地受到肥胖的影响。饮食、体力活动和身体形象是影响肥胖的三个因素。不幸的是，许多拉丁美洲人的饮食往往是不健康的，拉丁美洲人的身体活动水平低，拉丁美洲人持有一个普遍的文化价值观，有利于一定程度的超重-所有这些因素都可能增加肥胖率。虽然肥胖相关性的种族和人种差异已经被研究过，但很少有研究来了解这些差异背后的因素。这类研究很重要，因为种族类别和表型特征表现出更多的组内变异而不是组间变异。最近，取代“种族”一词作为一个解释性的结构在研究与概念变量，如种族身份也得到了强调，把更多的重点放在文化方面的这一结构。本横断面研究的目的是探讨四个文化变量（文化适应，文化适应压力，民族认同和文化价值观）的作用，这可能有助于解释墨西哥和波多黎各男性肥胖（饮食，体育活动和身体形象）相关的种族差异。具体目标是：1）探索文化适应在176名墨西哥和波多黎各成年男性的饮食、体育活动和身体形象中的作用; 2）探索文化适应压力在墨西哥人和波多黎各人的饮食、体育活动和身体形象中的作用; 3）探索种族认同在墨西哥人和波多黎各人的饮食、体育活动和身体形象中的作用; 4）探索拉丁美洲文化价值观和饮食，体育活动和身体形象之间的关系;和5）确定有关墨西哥人和波多黎各人的文化熟练的肥胖干预措施的发展的后勤/实际考虑。本研究的基本原理来自PEN-3模型（Airhihenbuwa，1995年），以及文化能力和剪裁模型8，9和社区参与性研究10，11。PEN-3理论模型强调文化是健康行为的核心原因，也是健康促进计划的首要考虑因素。文化精通研究强调文化对情感，思想和行为的作用，并鼓励积极的社区参与。这项研究的结果将有助于了解种族和文化在肥胖相关变量中的作用，并确定在为墨西哥人和波多黎各人制定肥胖干预措施时需要考虑的文化因素。该项目将使PI能够申请未来的联邦研究经费。该项目的试点数据将用于为墨西哥和波多黎各男性制定和实施基于文化的社区参与性肥胖干预措施。未来的R 01补助金申请将纳入文化适应，文化适应压力，种族认同和文化价值观的作用到饮食，体育活动和身体形象干预墨西哥和波多黎各男子。因此，从目前的R21补助金申请的调查结果是一个必要的和关键的组成部分，以了解拉丁美洲文化变量的独立和互动的影响，以及它们之间的关系，肥胖的相关性。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究很重要，因为它将使四个文化变量（文化适应，文化适应压力，种族认同和文化价值观）及其与超重的墨西哥和波多黎各男性的饮食，体育活动和身体形象的关系的探索。该项目的试点数据将用于开发和实施基于文化的饮食，体育活动和超重的墨西哥和波多黎各男性的身体形象干预，将纳入文化适应水平的作用和与文化适应过程，种族认同和拉丁美洲文化价值观相关的压力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity are linked to certain types of cancers and Hispanics/Latinos-the largest ethnic minority group in the United States-are disproportionately affected by obesity. Diet, physical activity, and body image are three factors that influence obesity. Unfortunately, the diets of many Latinos tend to be unhealthy, Latinos have low levels of physical activity, and Latinos hold a general cultural value favoring a degree of overweight-all factors that may increase rates of obesity. Although ethnic and racial differences in correlates of obesity have been examined, little research has been conducted to understand the factors that underlie these differences. This kind of research is important because racial categories and phenotypic characteristics exhibit more within-group than between-group variation. Recently, replacing the word 'race' as an explanatory construct in research with conceptual variables such as ethnic identity has also been emphasized, placing more emphasis on cultural aspects of this construct. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to explore the role of four cultural variables (acculturation, acculturative stress, ethnic identity, and cultural values) that may help to explain the ethnic disparities in correlates of obesity (diet, physical activity, and body image) among Mexican and Puerto Rican men. Specific aims are to: 1) Explore the role of acculturation in diet, physical activity, and body image in 176 adult Mexican and Puerto Rican men; 2) Explore the role of acculturative stress in diet, physical activity, and body image in Mexicans and Puerto Ricans; 3) Explore the role of ethnic identity in diet, physical activity, and body image in Mexicans and Puerto Ricans; 4) Explore the relationships between Latino cultural values and diet, physical activity, and body image; and 5) Identify logistical/practical considerations regarding the development of culturally proficient obesity interventions for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans. The rationale for this study derives from the PEN-3 Model (Airhihenbuwa, 1995, as well as models on cultural proficiency and tailoring8,9, and community participatory research10,11. The PEN-3 theoretical model emphasizes culture as the central reason for health behavior and the primary consideration for health promotion programs. Culturally proficient research emphasizes the role of culture on affect, thoughts, and behaviors and encourages active community involvement. The findings from this study will aid in understanding the role of ethnicity and culture in obesity-related variables and identify cultural factors to consider when developing obesity interventions for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans. This project will position the PI to apply for future federal research funding. Pilot data from this project will be used to develop and implement a culture-based, community participatory obesity intervention for Mexican and Puerto Rican men. The future R01 grant application will incorporate role of acculturation, acculturative stress, ethnic identity, and cultural values into a diet, physical activity, and body image intervention for Mexican and Puerto Rican men. Therefore, the findings from this present R21 grant application are a necessary and critical component to understanding the independent and interactive influences of Latino cultural variables and their relationship to correlates of obesity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is important because it will enable the exploration of four cultural variables (acculturation, acculturative stress, ethnic identity, and cultural values) and their relationship to diet, physical activity, and body image in overweight Mexican and Puerto Rican men. Pilot data from this project will be used to develop and implement a culture-based diet, physical activity, and body image intervention for overweight Mexican and Puerto Rican men that will incorporate the role of acculturation level and the stress associated with the acculturation process, ethnic identity, and Latino cultural values.