International Tobacco Policy Survey

国际烟草政策调查

• 批准号: 8105494
• 负责人: GEOFFREY T FONG
• 金额: $ 55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-06 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8105494
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Age; Attitude; Australia; Bangladesh; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Belief; Brazil; Canada; China; Cigarette; Country; Descriptor; Development; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Family member; France; Funding; Gender; Germany; Goals; Health; Health Policy; India; Individual; Individual Differences; International; Ireland; Label; Laws; Lead; Light; Malaysia; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mexico; Natural History; Natural experiment; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nicotine; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Phase; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Price; Probability Samples; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking History; Socioeconomic Status; South Korea; Sudan; Surveys; Taxation; Telephone; Testing; Thailand; Thinking; Time; TimeLine; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Treaty; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; cohort; comparative; design; discount; evidence base; global health; improved; peer; prospective; psychosocial; public policy on tobacco; smoking cessation; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks to renew funding for the ITC Four Country Survey for five additional years. The objective of the ITC Four Country Survey is to evaluate the psychosocial and behavioural effects of national-level tobacco control policies and to understand the commonality and differences of policy effects in four countries - United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. In a prospective cohort design, the participants are 1,500 adult smokers in each country who respond to a 45-minute telephone survey every year for five additional years. The ITC Four Country Survey is the core survey of the global ITC Project, which is conducting parallel cohort surveys of representative samples of adult smokers in 17 countries, inhabited by over half of the world's smokers. The ITC Project is the only international comparative cohort survey of tobacco users, and its focus on evaluating the impact of policies of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first- ever global health treaty, has placed the ITC Project at a unique and central position in providing the evidence base for the FCTC, which in turn has provided guidance to many countries regarding the implementation of strong evidence-based policies. The ITC survey includes measures of smoking behaviour, psychosocial predictors of smoking and quitting, and policy-relevant measures in five major policy domains (1) enhancement of warning labels, (2) elimination or restriction of the terms "light" or "mild" cigarette brand descriptors, (3) elimination or restrictions on advertising and promotion of tobacco products, (4) changes in price and taxation, and (5) smoke-free laws. The quasi-experimental design includes both between-country controls and within- country controls, thus allowing rigorous tests of national-level policies. There are 8 specific aims, which will be addressed by ITC Project: (1) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will affect self-reported smoking behaviour, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (2) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will enhance policy-relevant psychosocial variables in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (3) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will lead to favourable changes in psychosocial variables known to be related to smoking and quitting behaviour, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (4) examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies may be offset by compensatory behaviours (e.g., price increases leading to shifts toward discount brands rather than to quitting, (5) examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies are moderated by situational and individual-difference factors, (6) identify the psychosocial mechanisms that may explain how tobacco control policies achieve (or fail to achieve) their goals, (7) identify similarities and differences in the factors that relate to smoking and cessation, and (8) evaluate the impact of the potentially forthcoming FDA regulation of tobacco in the U.S. This project has considerable time urgency as the FCTC has progressed into the implementation phase and FDA regulatory changes may occur soon. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project evaluates the relative effectiveness of national level public health policies related to tobacco control across four countries. National policies have the ability to effectively improve public health by encouraging healthy behaviors or discouraging unhealthy behaviors. Comparisons made between countries with different policy environments, or within countries over time, will illustrate the effectiveness of specific policies in reducing tobacco consumption, providing public health officials with evidence to make informed decisions.

说明（由申请人提供）：本申请寻求将创新科技署四国调查的资金再延长五年。国际烟草中心四国调查的目标是评价国家一级烟草控制政策的社会心理和行为影响，并了解美国、加拿大、联合王国和澳大利亚四个国家的政策影响的共性和差异。在一项前瞻性队列设计中，参与者是每个国家的1500名成年吸烟者，他们在接下来的五年里每年接受一项45分钟的电话调查。国际烟草中心四国调查是全球国际烟草中心项目的核心调查，该项目正在对世界上一半以上的吸烟者居住的17个国家的成年吸烟者的代表性样本进行平行队列调查。ITC项目是唯一一项针对烟草使用者的国际比较队列调查，其重点是评估有史以来第一个全球卫生条约《烟草控制框架公约》政策的影响，这使ITC项目在为《烟草控制框架公约》提供证据基础方面处于独特和核心地位，而《烟草控制框架公约》又为许多国家提供了关于实施强有力的循证政策的指导。ITC的调查包括吸烟行为的措施，吸烟和戒烟的心理社会预测因素，以及五个主要政策领域的政策相关措施(1)加强警告标签，(2)消除或限制“清淡”或“温和”香烟品牌描述词，(3)消除或限制烟草产品的广告和促销，(4)价格和税收的变化，以及(5)无烟法律。准实验设计既包括国与国之间的控制，也包括国与国之间的控制，因此可以对国家层面的政策进行严格的测试。创新科技署项目将致力实现8项具体目标：(1)与政策不变的其他国家相比，研究在一个国家推行的政策是否会影响自我报告的吸烟行为；(2)与政策不变的其他国家相比，研究在一个国家推行的政策是否会增强与政策相关的社会心理变量；(3)与政策没有改变的其他国家相比，检查在一个国家实施的政策是否会导致已知与吸烟和戒烟行为有关的心理社会变量的有利变化；(4)检查烟草控制政策的影响是否可以被补偿行为抵消（例如，价格上涨导致转向折扣品牌而不是戒烟）；(5)研究控烟政策的效果是否受到情境和个体差异因素的调节；(6)确定可能解释控烟政策如何实现（或未能实现）其目标的社会心理机制；(7)确定与吸烟和戒烟有关的因素的异同；(8)评估即将出台的FDA烟草法规对美国的影响。由于《烟草控制框架公约》已进入实施阶段，FDA法规可能很快发生变化，因此该项目具有相当的时间紧迫性。公共卫生相关性：本项目评估四个国家与烟草控制有关的国家一级公共卫生政策的相对有效性。国家政策有能力通过鼓励健康行为或劝阻不健康行为来有效改善公众健康。在具有不同政策环境的国家之间进行比较，或在国家内部进行长期比较，将说明具体政策在减少烟草消费方面的有效性，为公共卫生官员作出知情决定提供证据。