Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation in China and South Korea: The ITC Asia Project

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目的广泛目标是评估和了解《烟草控制框架公约》(FCTC)的国家一级烟草控制政策的心理社会和行为影响，这是有史以来第一个关于健康的国际条约。随着超过40名烟草控制专家在9个国家的扩展，我们将对烟草使用领域最突出的两个亚洲国家的成年吸烟者进行平行的队列调查：中国和韩国。在前瞻性队列设计中，中国的参与者将是北京、上海、广州、郑州、长沙、银川和长沙7个城市(北京、上海、广州、郑州、长沙、银川和长沙)各800名成年吸烟者和200名成年非吸烟者，他们将在2006年至2011年的6年中每年完成30-40分钟的面对面调查。韩国的参与者将是2000名成年吸烟者，他们将在6年内(2005-2011年)每年完成一项40分钟的随机数字拨号电话调查。我们要求美国国立卫生研究院提供部分资金，以便在2-6年内继续进行每项调查。抽样设计、研究方案和调查工具与ITC在美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、爱尔兰、泰国和马来西亚进行的现有调查相同或尽可能相似，包括五个主要政策领域的吸烟行为衡量标准、吸烟和戒烟的心理社会预测因素，以及与政策相关的变量，涵盖《烟草控制框架公约》的所有减少需求政策：(1)加强警告标签，(2)消除欺骗性品牌描述(如轻度或轻度)(3)消除/限制烟草广告和促销，(4)增税，(5)无烟法。准试验性设计既包括国家之间的控制，也包括国家内部的控制，因此将允许对国家一级的政策进行严格的测试，而在此之前，亚洲尚未对这些政策进行系统评估。我们将确定《烟草控制框架公约》政策影响以及与吸烟和戒烟有关的因素在4个ITC亚洲国家(包括泰国和马来西亚正在进行的队列调查)以及更广泛的所有ITC国家之间的相似之处。ITC项目的核心资金来自罗斯威尔公园TTURC，它是有史以来第一个关于吸烟的国际队列研究，也是评估《烟草控制框架公约》政策有效性的最实质性的研究项目。ITC项目目前正在对世界上45%吸烟者居住的国家的有代表性的吸烟者样本进行平行的前瞻性队列调查。拟议的项目还要求提供资金，以增加国贸中心产品储存库，这是有史以来第一个国际卷烟储存库，正在国际范围内对烟雾化学物理特征进行分析，并对四个城市的120名中国吸烟者进行生物标志物平行队列研究，两年后复制。拟议项目的最终任务是，随着《烟草控制框架公约》的关键批准和实施阶段继续展开，为《烟草控制框架公约》政策提供证据基础，并了解公共卫生政策影响的潜在机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad objective of this project is to evaluate and understand the psychosocial and behavioral effects of national-level tobacco control policies of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first- ever international treaty on health. In an expansion of over 40 tobacco control experts across 9 countries, we will conduct parallel cohort surveys of adult smokers in two Asian countries that are prominent in the domain of tobacco use: China and South Korea. In a prospective cohort design, the participants in China will be 800 adult smokers and 200 adult non-smokers in each in each of 7 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Yinchuan, and Changsha) who will complete a 30-40 minute face-to-face survey every year for 6 years (2006-2011). The participants in South Korea will be 2000 adult smokers who will complete a 40-minute random digit dialed phone survey every year for 6 years (2005-2011). We are requesting partial funding from NIH to continue each survey for Years 2-6. The sampling design, research protocol and survey instrument are identical or as similar as possible to those of the existing ITC survey in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Ireland, Thailand, and Malaysia, and includes measures of smoking behavior, psychosocial predictors of smoking and quitting, and policy-relevant variables in 5 major policy domains, covering all of the demand reduction policies of the FCTC (1) enhancement of warning labels, (2) elimination of deceptive brand descriptors (e.g., light or mild) (3) elimination/ restrictions on tobacco advertising and promotion, (4) tax increases, (5) smoke-free laws. The quasi-experimental design includes both between-country controls and within-country controls and will thus allow rigorous tests of national-level policies that here-to-fore have not been systematically evaluated in Asia. We will identify similarities in FCTC policy impact and in the factors that relate to smoking and cessation across the 4 ITC Asian countries (including ongoing cohort surveys in Thailand and Malaysia), and across all ITC countries more generally. The ITC project, whose core funding comes from the Roswell Park TTURC, is the first-ever international cohort study of smoking, and the most substantial research project to evaluate the effectiveness of FCTC policies. The ITC project is now conducting parallel prospective cohort surveys of representative samples of smokers in countries inhabited by 45% of the world's smokers. The proposed project also requests funds to add to the ITC Product Repository, the first ever international repository of cigarettes from which analyses of smoke chemistries physical characteristics, and bio-markers studies are being conducted in an international context, and to conduct a parallel cohort study of bio-markers among 120 Chinese smokers in four cities, with replication 2 years later. The ultimate mission of the proposed project is to provide the evidence base for the FCTC policies as the critical ratification and implementation phases of the FCTC continue to unfold and to understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of public health policies.