Growth in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Risk in Nepal

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要/摘要胎儿生长受限婴儿的生长模式尚不清楚。来自发达国家的数据表明，儿童时期的快速成长可能使个人晚年患慢性病的风险增加。然而，在许多营养不良的环境中，在生命的头两年内进行补偿性生长有很大的好处。然而，在某些情况下，过早加速生长对未来患慢性病的风险有负面影响。因此，追赶生长的时间是相关的，特别是在经历营养转变的人群中，婴儿和儿童同时营养不足，成年人营养过剩。提出的二级分析的总体目标是确定南亚农村人口中青少年和年轻人（1714岁）从出生到婴儿期和儿童期与超重、肥胖、心血管疾病和胰岛素抵抗的早期危险因素相关的生长模式（线性和纵向）。我们假设，在尼泊尔农村人口中，有心脏代谢风险的人在婴儿期和儿童期的生长模式与没有这种风险的人有很大不同。为了进行这一二次分析，我们将结合对5574名受试者在婴儿期和儿童期进行的一系列人体测量，这些受试者在20世纪90年代参加了两项维生素A补充试验，这些受试者最近被重新访问并作为青少年和年轻人进行了检查。我们最近在2006-2007年完成了一项随访研究，评估了超重和高肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗，以检查营养干预对生长、发育和心血管代谢风险的长期影响。在进行补充试验时以及在进行后续研究时，收集了大量关于社会经济、人口、饮食、生活方式和健康因素的数据。为了解决拟议研究的具体目的，纵向人体测量数据将用于描述儿童从出生到青春期/成年早期与心脏代谢风险相关的生长轨迹模式，并使用随机效应模型。目前的分析将通过更好地描述世界上一个地区的儿童生长和心脏代谢风险，从而对文献做出重大贡献，该地区儿童生长受限和儿童生长迟缓的发生率很高，成年期心血管疾病和糖尿病的流行率越来越高。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract The appropriate pattern of growth among infants that experience fetal growth restriction is not well understood. Data from developed countries suggest that rapid growth in childhood may place individuals at an elevated risk of later life chronic disease. However, there are substantial benefits to catch-up growth within the first two years of life in many malnourished settings. In some settings, early accelerated growth, however, is shown to have negative consequences on future risk of chronic diseases. Thus, the timing of catch up growth is of relevance, especially in populations experiencing nutrition transition, with concurrent undernutrition in infants and children and overnutrition among adults. The overall goal of the proposed secondary analysis is to determine the pattern of growth (linear and ponderal) from birth through infancy and childhood that is associated with overweight, adiposity, and early risk factors of cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance among adolescents and young adults (1714 years) in a rural South Asian population. We hypothesize that patterns of growth in infancy and childhood among those with a cardiometabolic risk will differ significantly from those without this risk in this rural Nepali population. In order to conduct this secondary analysis we will combine serial anthropometric measurements taken among 5,574 subjects during infancy and childhood during their participation in two vitamin A supplementation trials in the 1990's who were recently revisited and examined as adolescents and young adults. Overweight and high adiposity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance were assessed in a follow-up study that we recently completed in 2006-2007 to examine long term effects of the nutrient interventions on growth, development, and cardometabolic risk. Data on a large number of socioeconomic, demographic, dietary, life style and health factors were collected, both at the time when the supplementation trial was carried out as well as at the time of the follow-up study. To address the specific aims of the proposed study, longitudinal anthropometric data will be used to characterize patterns of child growth trajectories from birth through adolescence/early adulthood that are associated with cardiometabolic risk using random effects models. The present analysis will be a significant contribution to the literature by better characterizing child growth and cardiometabolic risk in a region of the world where there is a high incidence of fetal growth restriction and growth faltering in childhood and a growing epidemic of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adulthood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative Slow growth in infancy followed by accelerated growth in later childhood has been associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and death in later life in high income settings. Our proposed secondary analyses, using longitudinal data from Nepal, will explore patterns of growth in early life that are associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in adolescence/adulthood.