Parent-child Patterns of Reminiscing and Play: Relations to Attachment

描述（由申请人提供）：依恋研究在帮助我们理解个体之间发展的关键和宝贵的纽带方面很有价值。然而，依恋研究在一个重要方面受到了限制：几乎只关注初级依恋的母亲及其子女的样本，这导致了一种假设，即定义母子关系的特征，如敏感的依恋和谈论过去，对依恋最重要。然而，最近的研究表明，尽管母子敏感的回忆和回忆与儿童依恋的质量有关（Laible，2004），但父亲与儿童的游戏质量与儿童依恋的关系更密切（Grossmann et al.，2002年）。然而，研究还没有同时研究同一父母的回忆和玩耍与依恋的关系。研究表明，与父母双方都有安全感的孩子在情感和心理上比只与父母一方有安全感的孩子更好（参见Thompson，1999）。因此，理解与母亲和父亲的依恋关系是很重要的。本研究的主要目的是了解不同风格的母亲与儿童和父亲与儿童的互动，通过回忆和游戏，以及如何将这些差异与儿童的依恋。我们将首先比较母亲和父亲的亲子回忆，然后母亲和父亲的亲子游戏质量，最后考察亲子回忆和依恋，亲子游戏和依恋之间的关系。从埃默里儿童研究中心的数据库中招募了50对4岁的母亲-孩子和父亲-孩子对，一半是女孩，他们将被要求一起回忆过去的情感经历（悲伤，与父母和同伴的冲突，以及快乐）和过去的玩耍经历（特别郊游和最后一次去游乐场）。二人组还将被要求参与一项涉及随机玩具的自由游戏任务。依恋将使用适合年龄的麦克阿瑟故事干电池进行评估。本研究假设，母亲回忆比父亲回忆更细致，父亲-儿童游戏比母亲-儿童游戏更具挑战性，母亲回忆而不是父亲回忆，父亲-儿童游戏而不是母亲-儿童游戏与儿童依恋质量有关。 公共卫生相关性：研究表明，儿童对父母的安全依恋与许多领域的发展成果有关，包括学业成绩、日后社会关系的健康形成、情感和心理健康、日后养育子女的能力以及许多其他成果变量。因此，重要的是要了解每个父母对孩子的依恋质量的相对贡献，因为这可能会对孩子的结果产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research in attachment has been valuable in helping us understand the critical and invaluable bond that develops between Individuals. However, attachment research is limited in one important way: the almost exclusive focus on samples of primary caregiving mothers and their children, leading to the assumption that characteristics defining the mother-child relationship, such as sensitive caregiving and talk about the past, are most important for attachment. However, recent studies indicate that whereas mother-child sensitive caregiving and reminiscing are related to the quality of children's attachment (Laible, 2004), it is father-child quality of play that relates more strongly to children's attachment (Grossmann et al., 2002). Yet, research has yet to examine reminiscing and play in relation to attachment in the same parents simultaneously. Studies suggest that children who are securely attached to both their parents fare emotionally and psychologically better than children who are only securely attached to one parent (see Thompson, 1999). Thus, it is important to understand attachment in relation to both mother and father. The primary objective of this research is to understand the different styles of mother-child and father-child interactions through reminiscing and play, and how these differences relate to children's attachment. We will first compare parent-child reminiscing in mothers and fathers, then parent-child quality of play in mothers and fathers, and finally examine relations between parent-child reminiscing and attachment, and parent-child play and attachment. Fifty mother-child and father-child pairs of 4-year old children, half girls, recruited from the Emory Child Study Center database will be asked to reminisce together about past emotional experiences (sad, conflict with parent and peer, and happy) and past play experiences (special outing and last trip to playground). Dyads will also be asked to engage in a free play task Involving random toys. Attachment will be assessed using the age-appropriate MacArthur Story Stem Battery. It is hypothesized that maternal reminiscing will be more elaborative than paternal reminiscing, father-child play will be more challenging than mother-child play, and maternal reminiscing but not paternal reminiscing, and father-child play but not mother-child play will be related to the quality of attachment in children. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Studies have linked children's secure attachment to parents to many areas of developmental outcomes, including academic achievement, the healthy formation of later social relationships, emotional, and psychological well-being, later parenting abilities, and numerous other outcome variables. It is thus important to understand the relative contribution of each parent to their child's quality of attachment, as this may have implications for child outcomes.