Speech Understanding In Realistic Environments

现实环境中的语音理解

• 批准号: 8118948
• 负责人: Judy R Dubno
• 金额: $ 36.24万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8118948
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Anatomy; Attention; Audiometry; Auditory; Auditory Threshold; Auditory system; Cells; Characteristics; Classification; Communication; Complex; Cueing for speech; Cues; Elderly; Environment; Experimental Designs; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Masks; Measures; Metabolic; Methods; Neuraxis; Noise; Outcome Measure; Pathology; Performance; Phenotype; Phonetics; Physiological; Presbycusis; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; age effect; age related; base; cognitive change; communication aid; design; hearing impairment; improved; research study; satisfaction; sound; speech recognition; success; young adult

Many older adults have difficulty understanding speech in complex and demanding environments typical of everyday listening. Using laboratory outcome measures, speech-understanding difficulties of older hearingimpaired adults are accounted for primarily by reductions in speech audibility due to elevated thresholds. Given the importance of speech audibility, amplification provided by a hearing aid should restore important speech information and provide significant benefit to communication. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of older adults who could benefit from amplification own hearing aids and use them regularly. The lack of success and satisfaction with hearing aids suggests that a fundamental change in direction is needed. The design and fitting of communication aids for older adults should be guided by their listening performance in complex and demanding environments that contain the acoustic and perceptual variability inherent in everyday situations. Thus, in Project 1, a series of experiments is planned to address key questions concerning older adults' perception of speech information as delivered in realistic environments. To relate age-related declines in auditory function to underlying mechanisms of age-related hearing loss, subjects will include older adults with and without characteristics of metabolic presbyacusis. Aim 1.1 tests the hypothesis that, even when audible, limited use of interaural level and timing cues reduces the binaural advantage for speech for older adults with and without hearing loss and that binaural advantages vary according to the phenotype of age-related hearing loss. Aim 1.2 tests the hypothesis that benefit of hearing aids for processing spatial, binaural, and temporal information underlies hearing-aid use and success by older adults and differs according to the phenotype of age-related hearing loss. Three hearing-aid trials are conducted to determine the extent to which adults with and without characteristics of metabolic presbyacusis who are predicted by laboratory-based measures to benefit from amplification ultimately benefit from using hearing aids in everyday communication. Aim 1.3 tests the hypothesis that age-related changes in speech audibility and in auditory attention increase the effects of stimulus similarity and uncertainty, especially in adverse listening conditions. A long-term goal is to extend our knowledge of mechanisms that account for reduced speech understanding in noise by older adults and thus enhance benefit derived from amplification.

许多老年人在复杂且苛刻的环境中很难理解言语 每天听。使用实验室结果措施，较旧的听力受损的语音理解困难 成人主要是由于阈值升高而导致的语音听觉性降低。 鉴于语音可听性的重要性，助听器提供的放大应恢复重要 语音信息并为沟通带来重大好处。然而，只有一小部分 可以从放大自己的助听器中受益并定期使用它们的老年人。缺乏 对助听器的成功和满意表明，需要方向的根本变化。这 为老年人设计和安装沟通辅助工具应以他们的聆听表现为指导 复杂且苛刻的环境，其中包含声学和感知变异性固有的 日常情况。因此，在项目1中，计划进行一系列实验来解决关键问题 关于老年人对在现实环境中提供的语音信息的看法。与之相关 与年龄相关的听觉功能下降到与年龄相关的听力损失的潜在机制，受试者将 包括具有和没有代谢长老会特征的老年人。 AIM 1.1检验假设 即使听到可听见的情况，对手段层和时机提示的使用有限也降低了双耳优势 对于有和没有听力损失的老年人的讲话，双耳优势根据 与年龄相关的听力损失的表型。 AIM 1.2检验以下假设：助听器的好处 处理空间，双耳和时间信息是老年人的助听器使用和成功的基础 并且根据与年龄相关的听力损失的表型不同。进行了三项听证会试验 确定成年人在多大程度上具有代谢长老会特征的程度 通过基于实验室的措施预测，从放大中受益最终受益于使用听力 帮助日常沟通。 AIM 1.3测试了与年龄相关的语音听觉变化的假设 在听觉的关注中会增加刺激相似性和不确定性的影响，尤其是在不利 听力条件。一个长期目标是扩展我们对减少的机制的了解 老年人对噪声的语音理解，从而增强了扩增带来的益处。