Randomized study of daytime vs. delayed eating: Effect on weight and metabolism

白天与延迟进食的随机研究：对体重和新陈代谢的影响

• 批准号: 8879128
• 负责人: KELLY C ALLISON
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8879128
• 关键词: Adherence; Animals; Biology; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Composition; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Body fat; Body mass index; Calories; Circadian Rhythms; Clinical; Corticosterone; Devices; Diet Habits; Disease; Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Eating; Eating Behavior; Electronics; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Epidemic; Exercise; Experimental Designs; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Food; Food Supply; Functional disorder; Funding; General Population; Genetic Crossing Over; Glucose; Health; Homeostasis; Hormonal; Hormones; Human; Hydrocortisone; Hyperlipidemia; Indirect Calorimetry; Individual; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intervention Studies; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Leptin; Life; Life Style; Light; Lipids; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Melatonin; Metabolic; Metabolism; Middle Insomnia; Monitor; Neuroendocrinology; Neurosecretory Systems; Obesity; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Pattern; Persons; Phenotype; Physical activity; Plasma; Protocols documentation; Publishing; Randomized; Recommendation; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Reporting; Research Personnel; Rest; Rodent; Schedule; Sleep; Sleep Wake Cycle; Syndrome; Testing; Thyroxine; Time; Triglycerides; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; Work; actigraphy; adiponectin; design; feeding; food consumption; ghrelin; innovation; men; oxidation; research study; response; shift work; weight gain prevention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Of the many factors contributing to the obesity epidemic, timing of food consumption is now recognized for its significant contribution to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal lifestyle to a nocturnal lifestyle leads to abnormal circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. We have also reported that night eating syndrome, characterized by a delayed pattern of eating, is associated with weight gain and disruption of neuroendocrine rhythms without sleep-wake cycle changes. Studies in night- active rodents have shown that restriction of feeding to the light period leads t profound changes in the circadian rhythms of leptin, insulin, corticosterone, and thyroxine, and a propensity toward obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. However, the metabolic effects of a predominantly daytime versus delayed eating pattern, using an experimental design, have not been well studied in humans. We hypothesize that a delayed pattern of eating, while keeping sleep-wake and activity levels constant, will produce an increase in weight and an abnormal metabolic response in healthy patients. A total of 20 healthy men and women with a BMI of 20 - 27 kg/m2 will be recruited for a randomized cross-over experiment testing two eating conditions. The first condition, daytime eating, would consist of three meals and two snacks to be consumed between 0800 h and 1800 h. The second condition, delayed eating, would consist of three meals and two snacks consumed between 1200 h and 2200 h. Energy and macronutrient content will be comparable between these eating conditions, and sleep-wake period would be held constant between 2300 h and 0700 h. Voluntary exercise will be held constant between conditions. Each participant would be free-living and supplied food from our metabolic kitchen for two months for the first condition, followed by a two-week wash out period eating as they usually would, followed by two months on the second condition (order randomly assigned). Adherence to the protocol will be monitored closely with food logs, pre- and post- weighing of food, use of pictures sent via electronic devices for portion size assessment, actigraphy, and self- reports for sleep-wake and physical activity monitoring. The assessment battery will occur at four points: 1) baseline; 2) after the first 2-mo eating condition; 3) after he 2-wk washout, before starting the second eating condition; and 4) after the second 2-mo eating condition. At each point body composition will be measured with DEXA and indirect calorimetry will be performed. We will measure fasting levels of lipids, triglycerides, and fatty acids. Glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, cortisol, and melatonin will be measured at 0800h, 1200 h, 1600 h, 2000 h, and 0400 h. We will compare the effects of the eating conditions on weight, adiposity, energy metabolism, and hormonal markers. The study will be performed under free-living conditions to increase generalizability. The results obtained from this R21 funded project will establish feasibility for a larger R01 application. The project will benefit frm the expertise of the investigators in eating behaviors, sleep and circadian biology, and neuroendocrinology and metabolism, and has potentially broad clinical implications for promotion of healthy eating habits that could influence weight and metabolic health in the general population.

描述（由申请人提供）：在导致肥胖流行的众多因素中，现在人们认识到食物消费的时机对体重调节具有重要作用。睡眠-觉醒周期从以白天为主的生活方式转变为夜间生活方式的中断会导致昼夜节律异常和代谢功能障碍。我们还报道，以进食模式延迟为特征的夜食综合症与体重增加和神经内分泌节律破坏有关，而睡眠-觉醒周期没有变化。对夜间活动的啮齿动物的研究表明，限制在有光照的时间段进食会导致瘦素、胰岛素、皮质酮和甲状腺素的昼夜节律发生深刻变化，并导致肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和高脂血症的倾向。然而，使用实验设计的主要白天饮食模式与延迟饮食模式的代谢影响尚未在人类中得到充分研究。我们假设，在保持睡眠觉醒和活动水平恒定的情况下，延迟进食模式会导致健康患者体重增加和代谢反应异常。 总共 20 名 BMI 为 20 - 27 kg/m2 的健康男性和女性将被招募进行随机交叉实验，测试两种饮食条件。第一个条件是白天饮食，包括在 0800 点到 1800 点之间吃三餐和两顿零食。第二个条件是延迟进食，包括在 1200 小时到 2200 小时之间吃三顿正餐和两顿零食。这些饮食条件下的能量和大量营养素含量将具有可比性，并且睡眠-觉醒时间将在 2300 小时至 0700 小时之间保持恒定。自愿锻炼将在不同条件下保持不变。在第一个条件下，每个参与者将自由生活，并从我们的代谢厨房提供两个月的食物，然后是两周的清洗期，像平常一样饮食，然后在第二个条件下两个月（顺序随机分配）。将通过食物日志、食物前称重和后称重、使用通过电子设备发送的图片进行份量评估、体动记录以及睡眠-觉醒和体力活动监测的自我报告来密切监测对方案的遵守情况。评估组将在四个点进行：1) 基线； 2) 在第一个 2 个月的饮食状态之后； 3) 两周清洗后，开始第二个饮食条件之前； 4) 在第二个 2 个月饮食条件之后。在每个点，将使用 DEXA 测量身体成分，并进行间接热量测定。我们将测量血脂、甘油三酯和脂肪酸的空腹水平。将在 0800 小时、1200 小时、1600 小时、2000 小时和 0400 小时测量葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、生长素释放肽、皮质醇和褪黑激素。我们将比较饮食条件对体重、肥胖、能量代谢和激素标记物的影响。该研究将在自由生活条件下进行，以提高普遍性。从这个 R21 资助项目获得的结果将为更大的 R01 应用建立可行性。该项目将受益于研究人员在饮食行为、睡眠和昼夜节律生物学、神经内分泌学和代谢方面的专业知识，并且对于促进可能影响普通人群体重和代谢健康的健康饮食习惯具有潜在广泛的临床意义。