Memory Processing and Cortical Plasticity

记忆处理和皮质可塑性

• 批准号: 8183985
• 负责人: ANTHONY A WRIGHT
• 金额: $ 38.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8183985
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animals; Architecture; Area; Arts; Brain; Clip; Code; Color; Columbidae; Detection; Dorsal; Evaluation; Evolution; Familiarity; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Interview; Language; Learning; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Health; Monkeys; Object Attachment; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Positioning Attribute; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Procedures; Process; Psychological Transfer; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Workload; behavior test; cognitive function; cohort; conflict resolution; induced pluripotent stem cell; information processing; memory process; neuroimaging; performance tests; popular works; prefrontal lobe; relating to nervous system; research study; species difference

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Memory is critical for mental health and proper cognitive functioning, but the ability to store and process information in short-term (working) memory is not well understood. Experiments of this application will use a popular working memory task (change-detection) to investigate object (what), location (where) and time (when) memory in pigeons, rhesus monkeys, and humans. We have developed procedures to train monkeys and pigeons to perform the same change-detection task (where one object changes at test) with the same memory arrays of objects at accuracies approaching those of humans. Animal studies will provide evidence about evolution of memory systems from a species (rhesus monkeys) comparatively closely related to humans and a species (pigeons) more distantly related. Species differences in language and neural architectures will provide evidence about the role of language and brain structures critical to these different types of memory under different testing conditions. Some conditions (blocked, large memory sets) will separate these different memory types; others will confound object and location memory (objects repeated in memory displays, and intermixing of object and location trials) or interfere with memory (repeating items from prior trials). Animals and humans may show similar memory results under conditions where memory types are separately tested and where performance depends more on sensory and bottom-up processing. Primates, particularly humans, are expected to perform best under conditions where interference or confounds must be resolved which depends more on top-down processing and the prefrontal cortex-the brain structure often considered most critical in cognitively separating primates (and other species). Human fMRI studies will determine activity-pattern differences when object and location memory are tested separately; conjunctions of object, location, and time memory; and proactive interference for time (when) memory. The results from these studies may lay the foundation for real-time recordings from monkey brain areas identified from the human fMRI studies and may help identify specific memory deficits in patients (e.g., PTSD) leading to better targeted treatment and evaluation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Memory is critical to cognitive functioning and mental health and will be better understood by experiments of this application that will study memory for objects (what), locations (where) and time (when) with pigeons, rhesus monkeys, and humans to compare mechanisms of short-term memory and working memory. Species differences in language and neural architectures will provide evidence about the role of language and brain structures critical to these different types of memory and humans will be tested in an fMRI scanner to determine activity patterns and critical brain areas for different memory types and their conjunctions. Together these studies will lay the foundation for better understanding memory perhaps leading to real-time recordings from monkey brain areas identified from the human fMRI studies and better identification of specific memory deficits in patients (e.g., PTSD) for targeted treatment and evaluation.

描述（由申请人提供）：记忆对于心理健康和适当的认知功能至关重要，但短期（工作）记忆中存储和处理信息的能力尚不清楚。该应用程序的实验将使用流行的工作记忆任务（变化检测）来研究鸽子、恒河猴和人类的对象（什么）、位置（何处）和时间（何时）记忆。我们开发了程序来训练猴子和鸽子使用相同的对象内存阵列执行相同的变化检测任务（其中一个对象在测试时发生变化），其精度接近人类。动物研究将提供有关与人类关系较近的物种（恒河猴）和关系较远的物种（鸽子）的记忆系统进化的证据。语言和神经结构的物种差异将提供关于语言和大脑结构在不同测试条件下对这些不同类型的记忆至关重要的作用的证据。某些条件（阻塞、大内存集）会将这些不同的内存类型分开；其他人会混淆物体和位置记忆（在记忆显示中重复物体，以及混合物体和位置试验）或干扰记忆（重复先前试验中的项目）。在单独测试记忆类型并且表现更多地取决于感觉和自下而上处理的条件下，动物和人类可能会表现出相似的记忆结果。灵长类动物，尤其是人类，预计在必须解决干扰或混淆的情况下表现最佳，这更多地取决于自上而下的处理和前额叶皮层——大脑结构通常被认为在认知区分灵长类动物（和其他物种）方面最关键。人类功能磁共振成像研究将确定单独测试物体和位置记忆时的活动模式差异；对象、位置和时间记忆的连词；以及主动干扰时间（何时）记忆。这些研究的结果可能为从人类功能磁共振成像研究中识别出的猴子大脑区域的实时记录奠定基础，并可能有助于识别患者的特定记忆缺陷（例如创伤后应激障碍），从而实现更好的针对性治疗和评估。 公共健康相关性：记忆对于认知功能和心理健康至关重要，通过该应用程序的实验可以更好地理解记忆，该应用程序将研究鸽子、恒河猴和人类对物体（什么）、位置（地点）和时间（时间）的记忆，以比较短期记忆和工作记忆的机制。语言和神经结构的物种差异将提供关于语言和大脑结构对这些不同类型的记忆至关重要的作用的证据，人类将在功能磁共振成像扫描仪中进行测试，以确定不同记忆类型及其连接的活动模式和关键大脑区域。这些研究将为更好地理解记忆奠定基础，或许可以对从人类功能磁共振成像研究中识别出的猴子大脑区域进行实时记录，并更好地识别患者的特定记忆缺陷（例如创伤后应激障碍），以进行有针对性的治疗和评估。