The Examination of Caffeinated Alcohol Use in a Daily Context

描述（由申请人提供）：研究人员一直证明，含咖啡因的酒精（CA）的使用，或酒精的混合物（例如，伏特加）与含咖啡因的饮料（例如，红牛），与一系列负面后果有关。这些问题包括增加的药物使用（Brache & Stockwell，2011; Snipes & Benotsch，2013）、危险的性行为、危险的驾驶行为和重度间歇性饮酒（奥布莱恩等人，2008年，在典型的非酒精饮料中。有限的研究已经研究了CA使用和酒精相关问题之间关系的基础因素。此外，现有的研究是跨部门的，并基于酒精使用的回顾性报告，这已经受到质疑（Ekholm，2004年）。因此，拟议的应用程序旨在解决我们的理解CA使用的差距进行每日日记研究，将调查CA使用纵向和提供急需的信息，与CA使用相关的上下文和社会因素。目标1旨在检查上下文（例如，地点和消费的社会背景），其中大学生消费CA。目标2旨在通过调查各种负面后果（例如，危险驾驶，危险性行为，广泛的酒精相关问题，咖啡因相关的生理症状）相关的每日CA使用在一个受试者内的设计。最后，由于我们对新兴成年人使用CA的原因了解有限，目标3旨在测量与物质相关的认知（例如，酒精预期、咖啡因预期、饮酒动机）与每日CA消耗量相关，因为这些是一般酒精使用的强预测因子。每日日记数据将允许参与者提供接近CA使用时间的报告。此外，每日日记研究将允许检查认知和背景因素与CA结果之间的关系，纵向沿着检查背景和认知如何与CA使用的个体差异相关的能力。本研究的结果旨在提高我们对CA使用相关的前因和后果的理解，以制定解决这一公共卫生问题的策略。最终，拟议研究的结果可以帮助针对CA用户进行干预。此外，调查结果可用于确定哪些类型的使用者将最受益于二级预防。通过确定与一种风险饮料和酒精相关危害相关的因素，拟议的研究支持NIAAA的倡议，即加强我们对饮酒相关风险的理解。该奖项还将使我能够获得先进的方法和统计技术的基本培训，进一步发展酒精专业知识，与更多的酒精研究人员合作，准备和传播研究结果到更大的研究社区，并获得赠款写作技能。所有这些活动都将促进以研究为导向的学术生涯，重点是了解有问题的酒精消费。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Researchers have demonstrated consistently that caffeinated alcohol (CA) use, or the mixture of alcohol (e.g., vodka) with a caffeinated beverage (e.g., Red Bull), is associated with a host of negative consequences. These problems include increased drug use (Brache & Stockwell, 2011; Snipes & Benotsch, 2013), risky sexual behaviors, risky driving behaviors, and heavy episodic drinking (O'Brien et al., 2008) beyond typical non-CA drinking behavior. Limited research has examined factors that underlie the relationship between CA use and alcohol-related problems. Further, existing research has been cross-sectional and based on retrospective reports of alcohol use, which have been called into question (Ekholm, 2004). Consequently, the proposed application seeks to address gaps in our understanding of CA use by conducting a daily diary study that would investigate CA use longitudinally and provide much needed information regarding the contextual and social factors that are associated with CA use. Aim 1 is designed to examine the context (e.g., location and social context of consumption) in which college students consume CA. Aim 2 is intended to extend previous research by investigating various negative consequences (e.g., risky driving, risky sexual behaviors, broad alcohol-related problems, caffeine-related physiological symptoms) related to daily CA use in a within-subjects design. Finally, because we have limited understanding of why emerging adults use CA, Aim 3 is designed to measure substance-related cognitions (e.g., alcohol expectancies, caffeine expectancies, drinking motives) associated with daily CA consumption, as these are strong predictors of alcohol use in general. Daily diary data would allow participants to provide reports close to the time CA use occurs. Further, a daily diary study would permit examinations of the relationships between cognitive and contextual factors and CA outcomes longitudinally along with the ability to examine how context and cognitions are associated with individual variability in CA use. Results from this research are intended to enhance our understanding of the antecedents and consequences related to CA use to develop strategies to address this public health concern. Ultimately, the findings from the proposed research could aid in targeting an intervention for CA users. Also, findings could be used to identify the types of users who would most benefit from secondary prevention. By determining the factors associated with one type of risky beverage and alcohol-related harms, the proposed study supports NIAAA's initiative of enhancing our understanding of the risks associated with consuming alcohol. This award also would allow me to obtain essential training in advanced methodology and statistical techniques, develop further alcohol expertise, work with additional alcohol researchers, prepare and disseminate findings to the larger research communities, and gain grant-writing skills. All of these activities will facilitate a research-orieted academic career focused on understanding problematic alcohol consumption.