The Examination of Caffeinated Alcohol Use in a Daily Context

描述(由申请人提供)：研究人员一致证明，含咖啡因酒精(CA)的使用，或酒精(如伏特加)与含咖啡因饮料(如红牛)的混合，与一系列负面后果有关。这些问题包括更多的药物使用(Brache&Stockwell，2011；Snipes&Benotsch，2013)，危险的性行为，危险的驾驶行为，以及严重的间歇性饮酒(O‘Brien等人，2008年)，超出了典型的非CA饮酒行为。有限的研究考察了CA使用和酒精相关问题之间关系的基础因素。此外，现有的研究是横断面的，并基于酒精使用的回溯性报告，这一点受到了质疑(Ekholm2004)。因此，拟议的应用程序试图通过进行每日日记研究来解决我们对CA使用的理解上的差距，该研究将纵向调查CA的使用情况，并提供与CA使用相关的背景和社会因素方面亟需的信息。目标1旨在考察大学生消费CA的语境(例如，消费的地点和社会语境)。目的2旨在通过在受试者内设计中调查与日常使用CA相关的各种负面后果(例如，危险驾驶、危险性行为、广泛的酒精相关问题、咖啡因相关的生理症状)来扩展先前的研究。最后，由于我们对新兴成年人使用CA的原因了解有限，Aim 3旨在测量与日常CA消费相关的物质相关认知(例如，酒精预期、咖啡因预期、饮酒动机)，因为这些都是酒精使用的有力预测因素。每日日记数据将允许参与者提供接近CA使用发生时间的报告。此外，每天的日记研究将允许纵向检查认知和语境因素与CA结果之间的关系，以及检查语境和认知如何与CA使用中的个体变异性相关的能力。这项研究的结果旨在加强我们对CA使用的前因和后果的理解，以制定解决这一公共卫生问题的策略。最终，这项拟议研究的发现可能有助于针对CA用户进行干预。此外，研究结果还可以用来确定从二级预防中受益最大的用户类型。通过确定与一种危险饮料和与酒精相关的危害相关的因素，拟议的研究支持了NIAAA的倡议，即加强我们对与饮酒相关的风险的了解。这一奖项还将使我获得高级方法和统计技术方面的基本培训，进一步发展酒精专业知识，与更多的酒精研究人员合作，准备并向更大的研究社区传播研究结果，并获得拨款撰写技能。所有这些活动都将促进以研究为导向的学术生涯，专注于了解有问题的酒精消费。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Researchers have demonstrated consistently that caffeinated alcohol (CA) use, or the mixture of alcohol (e.g., vodka) with a caffeinated beverage (e.g., Red Bull), is associated with a host of negative consequences. These problems include increased drug use (Brache & Stockwell, 2011; Snipes & Benotsch, 2013), risky sexual behaviors, risky driving behaviors, and heavy episodic drinking (O'Brien et al., 2008) beyond typical non-CA drinking behavior. Limited research has examined factors that underlie the relationship between CA use and alcohol-related problems. Further, existing research has been cross-sectional and based on retrospective reports of alcohol use, which have been called into question (Ekholm, 2004). Consequently, the proposed application seeks to address gaps in our understanding of CA use by conducting a daily diary study that would investigate CA use longitudinally and provide much needed information regarding the contextual and social factors that are associated with CA use. Aim 1 is designed to examine the context (e.g., location and social context of consumption) in which college students consume CA. Aim 2 is intended to extend previous research by investigating various negative consequences (e.g., risky driving, risky sexual behaviors, broad alcohol-related problems, caffeine-related physiological symptoms) related to daily CA use in a within-subjects design. Finally, because we have limited understanding of why emerging adults use CA, Aim 3 is designed to measure substance-related cognitions (e.g., alcohol expectancies, caffeine expectancies, drinking motives) associated with daily CA consumption, as these are strong predictors of alcohol use in general. Daily diary data would allow participants to provide reports close to the time CA use occurs. Further, a daily diary study would permit examinations of the relationships between cognitive and contextual factors and CA outcomes longitudinally along with the ability to examine how context and cognitions are associated with individual variability in CA use. Results from this research are intended to enhance our understanding of the antecedents and consequences related to CA use to develop strategies to address this public health concern. Ultimately, the findings from the proposed research could aid in targeting an intervention for CA users. Also, findings could be used to identify the types of users who would most benefit from secondary prevention. By determining the factors associated with one type of risky beverage and alcohol-related harms, the proposed study supports NIAAA's initiative of enhancing our understanding of the risks associated with consuming alcohol. This award also would allow me to obtain essential training in advanced methodology and statistical techniques, develop further alcohol expertise, work with additional alcohol researchers, prepare and disseminate findings to the larger research communities, and gain grant-writing skills. All of these activities will facilitate a research-orieted academic career focused on understanding problematic alcohol consumption.