Efficacy and neurobiological mechanisms of mobile-delivered cognitive retraining

描述(由申请人提供)：这项有指导的研究科学家发展申请(K01)将为Matthew Pearson博士提供保护时间，以开发实验精神病理学及其在成瘾行为改变机制研究中的应用的重点研究计划。五年职业发展计划的目标是紧密结合的，将增加以下领域的知识和经验：1)成瘾的认知模型及其在认知再培训方法中的应用；2)成瘾神经科学和神经成像技术(即功能磁共振成像)；3)行为变化的机制(即情感、认知和神经生物学)；4)分析纵向数据的高级量化方法(例如，生长混合模型)；以及5)助学金的撰写。职业发展计划包括与导师的有组织的会议；神经科学、认知心理学和统计学的七个研究生水平的课程；以及参加相关的会议和讲习班，以发展实质性的专门知识和在定量/研究方法和统计软件使用方面的高级培训。为了支持职业目标，研究计划包括荟萃分析(第1年)、系统回顾(第2年)和一项主要的实证研究，其中包括自我报告、行为和神经成像测量(第1-5年)。荟萃分析将检验认知再训练对酒精使用的有效性的调节因素，系统综述将结合之前的发现总结认知再训练后行为变化的可能神经生物学机制。这些研究综述将有助于巩固知识成果，并将拟议的研究性研究的结果纳入更广泛的文献。研究计划的时间安排和排序旨在巩固和扩大与职业发展规划活动有关的知识收获。这项拟议的研究将使用纵向实验设计(N~95)来检验在大量饮酒的成年人通过移动电子设备(如智能手机)进行的注意偏差修正(与注意偏差控制)或工作记忆训练(与工作记忆控制)后，行为变化的认知和神经生物学机制之间的联系。生态瞬时评估方法将用于检查4周内行为变化的心理机制(例如，注意偏差)，功能磁共振成像将用于检查行为变化的神经机制(例如，提示诱发的腹侧纹状体神经激活的后处理前变化)。二级数据分析还将支持候选人在整个颁奖过程中的职业发展。Katie Witkiewitz博士将担任主要导师，并在此应用程序的目标特定的许多领域拥有公认的专业知识。斯科特·托尼根博士和埃里克·克劳斯博士将担任副导师，在选定的领域支持候选人，包括拨款撰写、荟萃分析和功能磁共振技术。Marsha Bates博士和Reinout Wiers博士将担任顾问，并将协助Pearson博士巩固行为改变的神经机制和认知再培训方法方面的知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Research Scientist Development application (K01) will provide protected time for Dr. Matthew Pearson to develop a focused program of research in experimental psychopathology and its' application to the study of mechanisms of addictive behavior change. The aims of the 5-year career development plan are tightly integrated and will increase knowledge and experience in the areas of 1) cognitive models of addiction and their applications for cognitive retraining approaches, 2) addiction neuroscience and neuroimaging techniques (i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI), 3) mechanisms of behavior change (i.e., affective, cognitive, and neurobiological),4) advanced quantitative methods of analyzing longitudinal data (e.g., growth mixture modeling), and 5) grant writing. The career development plan includes structured meetings with mentors; seven graduate level courses in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and statistics; and attending relevant conferences and workshops to develop substantive expertise and advanced training in quantitative/research methods and statistical software use. Supporting the career aims, the research plan includes a meta-analysis (year 1), a systematic review (year 2), and one primary empirical study that includes self-report, behavioral, and neuroimaging measures (years 1-5). The meta-analysis will examine moderators of the efficacy of cognitive retraining on alcohol use, and the systematic review will integrate previous findings to summarize putative neurobiological mechanisms of behavior change following cognitive retraining. These research syntheses will serve to consolidate knowledge gains and to nest the results of the proposed research study into the broader literature. Timing and sequencing of the research plan is intended to consolidate and extend knowledge gains associated with planned career development activities. The proposed study will use a longitudinal experimental design (N~95) to examine the linkages between cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of behavior change following attentional bias modification (vs. attentional bias control) or working memory training (vs. working memory control) developed to be delivered via a mobile electronic device (e.g., smart phone) in heavy drinking adults. Ecological momentary assessment methods will be used to examine psychological mechanisms of behavior change over a 4-week period of time (e.g., attentional bias) and fMRI will be used to examine neural mechanisms of behavior change (e.g., pre-post changes in cue-elicited neural activation in the ventral striatum). Secondary data analyses will also support the career development of the candidate over the entire course of the award. Dr. Katie Witkiewitz will be primary mentor and has recognized expertise in many areas specific to the aims of this application. Drs. J. Scott Tonigan and Eric Claus will serve as secondary mentors supporting the candidate in selected areas including grant writing, meta-analysis, and fMRI techniques. Drs. Marsha Bates and Reinout Wiers will serve as consultants and will assist Dr. Pearson to consolidate knowledge gains in neural mechanisms of behavior change and cognitive retraining methods.