Efficacy and neurobiological mechanisms of mobile-delivered cognitive retraining

描述（由申请人提供）：本指导研究科学家发展申请（K 01）将为Matthew Pearson博士提供受保护的时间，以开发实验精神病理学研究的重点项目及其在成瘾行为变化机制研究中的应用。5年职业发展计划的目标是紧密结合的，将增加以下领域的知识和经验：1）成瘾的认知模型及其在认知再训练方法中的应用，2）成瘾神经科学和神经成像技术（即，功能性磁共振成像，fMRI），3）行为改变的机制（即，情感、认知和神经生物学），4）分析纵向数据的先进定量方法（例如，增长混合建模），和5）授权写作。职业发展计划包括与导师的结构化会议;神经科学，认知心理学和统计学的七门研究生课程;以及参加相关会议和研讨会，以发展定量/研究方法和统计软件使用方面的实质性专业知识和高级培训。支持职业目标，研究计划包括一个荟萃分析（第1年），一个系统性综述（第2年），和一个主要的实证研究，包括自我报告，行为和神经影像学措施（第1-5年）。荟萃分析将研究认知再训练对酒精使用的疗效的调节剂，系统评价将整合以前的研究结果，总结认知再训练后行为改变的假定神经生物学机制。这些研究综合将有助于巩固知识成果，并将拟议研究的结果纳入更广泛的文献。研究计划的时间安排和顺序安排是为了巩固和扩大与计划的职业发展活动有关的知识成果。拟议的研究将使用纵向实验设计（N~95）来检查通过移动的电子设备（例如，智能手机）在重度饮酒的成年人中。生态瞬时评估方法将用于检查4周内行为变化的心理机制（例如，注意力偏差）和fMRI将用于检查行为改变的神经机制（例如，腹侧纹状体中线索诱发的神经激活的前后变化）。辅助数据分析还将支持候选人在整个获奖过程中的职业发展。Katie Witkiewitz博士将担任主要导师，并在许多领域拥有公认的专业知识，这些领域都与本申请的目标有关。Scott Tonigan和Eric Claus博士将担任二级导师，在选定的领域支持候选人，包括赠款写作，荟萃分析和功能磁共振成像技术。玛莎·贝茨博士和雷努特·威尔斯博士将担任顾问，并将协助皮尔逊博士巩固在行为改变和认知再训练方法的神经机制方面的知识成果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Research Scientist Development application (K01) will provide protected time for Dr. Matthew Pearson to develop a focused program of research in experimental psychopathology and its' application to the study of mechanisms of addictive behavior change. The aims of the 5-year career development plan are tightly integrated and will increase knowledge and experience in the areas of 1) cognitive models of addiction and their applications for cognitive retraining approaches, 2) addiction neuroscience and neuroimaging techniques (i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI), 3) mechanisms of behavior change (i.e., affective, cognitive, and neurobiological),4) advanced quantitative methods of analyzing longitudinal data (e.g., growth mixture modeling), and 5) grant writing. The career development plan includes structured meetings with mentors; seven graduate level courses in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and statistics; and attending relevant conferences and workshops to develop substantive expertise and advanced training in quantitative/research methods and statistical software use. Supporting the career aims, the research plan includes a meta-analysis (year 1), a systematic review (year 2), and one primary empirical study that includes self-report, behavioral, and neuroimaging measures (years 1-5). The meta-analysis will examine moderators of the efficacy of cognitive retraining on alcohol use, and the systematic review will integrate previous findings to summarize putative neurobiological mechanisms of behavior change following cognitive retraining. These research syntheses will serve to consolidate knowledge gains and to nest the results of the proposed research study into the broader literature. Timing and sequencing of the research plan is intended to consolidate and extend knowledge gains associated with planned career development activities. The proposed study will use a longitudinal experimental design (N~95) to examine the linkages between cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of behavior change following attentional bias modification (vs. attentional bias control) or working memory training (vs. working memory control) developed to be delivered via a mobile electronic device (e.g., smart phone) in heavy drinking adults. Ecological momentary assessment methods will be used to examine psychological mechanisms of behavior change over a 4-week period of time (e.g., attentional bias) and fMRI will be used to examine neural mechanisms of behavior change (e.g., pre-post changes in cue-elicited neural activation in the ventral striatum). Secondary data analyses will also support the career development of the candidate over the entire course of the award. Dr. Katie Witkiewitz will be primary mentor and has recognized expertise in many areas specific to the aims of this application. Drs. J. Scott Tonigan and Eric Claus will serve as secondary mentors supporting the candidate in selected areas including grant writing, meta-analysis, and fMRI techniques. Drs. Marsha Bates and Reinout Wiers will serve as consultants and will assist Dr. Pearson to consolidate knowledge gains in neural mechanisms of behavior change and cognitive retraining methods.