Exposure to Violence and Subsequent Weapons Use: Mediating and Moderating Processes

遭受暴力和随后使用武器：调解和缓和过程

• 批准号: 9106446
• 负责人: Eric F Dubow
• 金额: $ 41.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9106446
• 关键词: Accounting; Achievement; Address; Adolescent; Adoption; Affect; African American; Age; Age-Years; Aggressive behavior; Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Child Rearing; Childhood; Cities; Code; Cognitive; Communities; Crime; Data; Death Rate; Developed Countries; Development; Discipline; Emotional; Exposure to; Family; Firearms; Follow-Up Studies; Fright; Growth; Guns; Health; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Mass Media; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Michigan; Monitor; Murder; Neighborhoods; Parents; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Site; Social Environment; Testing; Time; United States; Victimization; Video Games; Violence; Youth; behavioral outcome; cohort; community intervention; contextual factors; criminal behavior; desensitization; emerging adult; emotion dysregulation; emotional reaction; family influence; follow-up; gun violence; high school; inner city; innovation; peer; prospective; public health relevance; rehearsal; response; social; social cognition; social media; teacher; theories; violent crime; weapons; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Gun violence in the United States is a serious public health concern. The nation's firearm death rate is the highest among industrialized nations, with an alarmingly high rate among African-American youth. We will examine childhood and adolescent contextual and individual predictors of late adolescent and early adulthood gun attitudes and gun violence among a sample of urban, mostly African-American youth, as well as factors that protect these youth from the effects of exposure to violence. First, we plan to follow up a sample of youth in Flint, Michigan, who were in grades 2, 4, and 9 when first interviewed in 2006-07. We have extensive 3-year prospective data on their media exposure, exposure to violence in the neighborhood and family, parenting, social cognitions related to aggression, and academic and behavioral outcomes (including self, parent, and teacher reports). We will collect geocoded crime data on their neighborhoods while growing up (e.g., exposure to gun violence and related gun crimes, independent of other forms of violence exposure, using geospatial analytic methods), and re-interview the participants again (ages 18, 20, and 25 years of age) on their attitudes toward and use of firearms (and collect criminal data on them). Second, we will conduct a new 3-wave prospective study of high school 10th graders at two sites (Flint, MI and Jersey City, NJ) to expand our knowledge of the risk factors that promote youth's and young adults' violent behaviors with firearms and other weapons; most important, we will collect self-report data on specific social cognitions related to weapon carrying and weapon use, as these weapon-related social cognitions were not available in our earlier study. In both studies, we also will examine potential protective factors (e.g., parenting, constructive social activities, civic engagement) that moderate the effects of exposure to violence on subsequent violent behavior. Our specific aims are to: 1) evaluate the impact of exposure to people's use of weapons (guns, etc.) on risk for violent behavior, including weapon-carrying, weapon use, threatening others with a weapon, and committing crimes with a weapon; 2) examine the role of social cognitions and emotional reactions concerning general aggression and aggression with weapons in mediating the longitudinal effect of exposure to weapon violence on violent behavior; 3) examine the role of individual and contextual factors in moderating the impact of violence exposure on violent behavior; and 4) assess the impact of exposure to weapon violence and general violence at different ages on risk for subsequent weapon carrying and weapon use at later ages. This will allow us to test key theoretical propositions concerning mediating cognitive and emotional processes that might account for the long-term effects of general and weapon-specific violence exposure, as well as protective factors that can inform the development of multi-layered community intervention efforts to reduce gun violence among urban youth.

 描述（适用提供）：美国的枪支暴力是一个严重的公共卫生问题。该国的枪支死亡率在工业化国家中是最高的，在非裔美国人的年轻人中，枪支死亡率的速度高得多。我们将研究青少年和成年早期枪支参与者的童年和青少年的背景和个人预测指标以及大多数非裔美国人青年样本中的枪支暴力，以及保护这些年轻人免受暴力暴力影响的因素。首先，我们计划遵循 在2006 - 07年首次接受采访时，在密歇根州弗林特市的青年样本中，他们是2、4和9年级的样本。我们拥有有关其媒体曝光率，附近和家庭暴力的3年预期数据，与侵略性以及学术和行为成果有关的社会认知（包括自我，父母和教师报告）。我们将在成长的同时收集有关其社区的地理编码犯罪数据（例如，使用地理空间分析方法与其他形式的暴力暴露，无关枪支暴力和相关枪支犯罪），并再次对参与者（18、20和25岁年龄段）重新审视，以涉足他们的出勤和使用犯罪网络（以及收集犯罪性数据）。其次，我们将对在两个地点（Flint，MI和NJ，NJ）的高中10年级学生进行一项新的3波前瞻性研究，以扩大我们对促进青年和年轻人使用枪支和其他武器的暴力行为的风险因素的了解；最重要的是，我们将收集有关与武器携带和武器使用相关的特定社会认知的自我报告数据，因为这些与武器有关的社会认知在我们的较早研究中不可用。在这两项研究中，我们还将检查潜在的受保护因素（例如，育儿，建设性社会活动，公民参与），以减轻暴露暴力对随后的暴力行为的影响。我们的具体目的是：1）评估人们使用武器（枪支等）对暴力行为的风险的影响，包括武器携带，使用武器，威胁他人用武器威胁他人，并用武器犯罪； 2）研究社会认知和情感反应在调解暴露于武器暴力对暴力行为的纵向影响方面的一般侵略性和侵略性的作用； 3）检查个人和情境因素在调节暴力暴力对暴力影响的影响中的作用； 4）评估不同年龄段武器暴力和一般暴力暴力对后来携带武器和武器使用的风险的影响。这将使我们能够测试有关介导认知和情感过程的关键理论提案，这些提案可能解释了一般和特定武器的暴力暴露的长期影响，以及可以为多层社区干预工作提供开发以减少城市青年中枪支暴力行为的发展的保护因素。