Community-Level Primary Prevention of Dating and Sexual Violence in Middle Schools

 描述(由申请人提供)：促进健康的社会规范标记方法是一种环境变化战略，目标是围绕约会和性暴力的整个社会背景。虽然已经成功地实施了社区范围的社会规范营销运动，以解决一系列公共卫生问题，但研究尚未严格审查社会规范营销作为预防约会和性暴力的社区一级变革战略的效力。了解社会规范营销运动在促进环境变化方面的独特贡献，是了解其作为综合多层次暴力预防办法的一部分所发挥作用的重要第一步。这项研究的结果将对预防暴力的证据基础做出重大贡献，通过测试一项全面的、量身定做的、基于数据的中学社会规范营销活动，以解决以下误解：1)约会和性暴力的可接受性；2)性别角色；3)性活动；4)性交流/同意；5)对受害者的支持；6)旁观者干预。学生、家长、教师和管理人员将通过实施针对社区的海报、午餐和学习教师培训、社会规范视频、教师练习册、家长邮寄和家长信息会议，被视为“社区误解的携带者”。学校资源提供者将与一名教师冠军合作实施这项活动，并确定/解决“回扣”问题。为了确定项目效果的环境主持人，资源提供者将与学校管理人员合作进行社区准备情况评估，并记录可能影响约会和性暴力的社区特征，如饮酒点的数量和高度性别化的广告牌或建筑的存在。在改进和规划阶段，将通过约谈利益攸关方、设立研究咨询委员会、咨询社会规范营销专家以及管理公开试点试验来改进运动和研究程序。在干预阶段，我们将在30所中学中进行一项团体随机试验，以证明该方法相对于等待名单控制，在6个月的随访中在降低约会和性暴力发生率以及促进社区规范改变方面的有效性。在分析和传播阶段，我们将进行成本效益分析，准备项目报告，并与学校和科学界分享研究结果。在这项研究中，研究人员与疾控中心RPE资助的社区机构之间的伙伴关系将建设当地的能力，并确保这项运动既可行又可持续。如果被认为是成功的，这项研究的最终成果将确保该方法可以作为多级预防方法的一个组成部分在中学容易地实施。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The social norms marking approach to health promotion is an environmental change strategy that targets the entire social context surrounding dating and sexual violence. Whereas community-wide social norms marketing campaigns have been successfully implemented to address a range of public health issues, research has yet to rigorously examine the efficacy of social norms marketing as a community-level change strategy for dating and sexual violence prevention. Understanding the unique contribution of social norms marketing campaigns in promoting environmental change is a vital first step to understanding their role as part of a comprehensive multi-level violence prevention approach. Results of this research will make a significant contribution to the evidence base of violence prevention by testing a comprehensive, tailored, data-based social norms marketing campaign for middle schools that addresses misperceptions of: 1) the acceptability of dating and sexual violence; 2) gender roles; 3) sexual activity; 4) sexual communication/consent; 5) support for victims; and 6) bystander intervention. Students, parents, teachers and administrators will be targeted as "carriers of community misperceptions" through the implementation of community-specific posters, a Lunch and Learn Teacher Training, a Social Norms Video, a Teacher Workbook, a Parent Mailing, and a Parent Information Session. A School Resource Provider will work with a teacher champion to implement the campaign and identify/address "kick-back". To identify environmental moderators of program effects, the Resource Provider will work with school administrators to conduct a community readiness assessment, and document neighborhood characteristics that potentially influence dating and sexual violence, such as number of alcohol outlets and presence of highly sexualized billboards or buildings. In the Refinement and Planning Phase, stakeholder interviews, establishment of a Research Advisory Board, consultation with experts in social norms marketing, and administration of an open pilot trial will be used to refine the campaign and research procedures. In the Intervention Phase, we will conduct a group randomized trial among 30 middle schools to demonstrate efficacy of the approach in reducing rates of dating and sexual violence and promoting change in community norms over a 6-month follow-up, relative to a wait-list control. In the Analysis and Dissemination Phase, we will conduct cost-effectiveness analyses, prepare project reports, and share study findings with schools and the scientific community. Partnership between researchers and a CDC RPE-funded community agency in this research will build local capacity and ensure that the campaign is both feasible and sustainable. If deemed successful, the final products of this research will ensure that the approach can be readily implemented in middle schools as one component of a multi-level prevention approach.