Demographic Vulnerability, Neighborhood Pollution, and Racial Health Disparities

该项目的重点是个人，家庭和社区层面的社会和经济条件与环境污染的社区浓度相互作用的方式，以影响健康和死亡率的种族差异。我们将利用来自环境保护局和其他几个来源的数据，开发社区污染的综合衡量标准，并将这些社区污染估计值与其他社区特征的信息沿着附在收入动态面板研究中不同人群的纵向数据上。由此产生的多层次数据将提供一个独特的机会，以评估社区污染对死亡率的长期影响，自测健康，身体限制，以及癌症，心血管疾病，哮喘和其他特定的医疗条件的全国样本的成年人。我们将通过将这些数据与来自全国健康和营养检查调查的健康结果流行率和邻里污染与健康之间的横截面关联的估计值进行比较来评估这些数据的有效性。对我们独特的纵向、多层次数据的分析将集中在暴露于家庭压力条件或居住区附近的经济和社会困境时，邻里污染对健康影响的脆弱性会在多大程度上加剧。该项目的核心是评估暴露于邻里污染的群体差异的作用，以及对污染影响敏感性的差异，以解释健康方面持续存在的种族和民族差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project focuses on the ways in which social and economic conditions at the individual-, family-, and neighborhood-levels interact with neighborhood concentrations of environmental pollution to affect racial disparities in health and mortality. We will develop comprehensive measures of neighborhood pollution using data from the Environmental Protection Agency and several other sources, and attach these neighborhood- pollution estimates, along with information on other neighborhood characteristics, to longitudinal data for a diverse group of individuals in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The resulting multilevel data will provide a unique opportunity to assess long-term effects of neighborhood pollution on mortality, self-rated health, physical limitations, and diagnoses of cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and other specific medical conditions for a national sample of adults. We will assess the efficacy of these data by comparing them to estimates of health-outcome prevalence and cross-sectional associations between neighborhood pollution and health derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analyses of our unique longitudinal, multilevel data will focus on the extent to which vulnerability to the health effects of neighborhood pollution is heightened by exposure to stressful conditions in the household or economic and social distress in the neighborhood of residence. Central to the project is the assessment of the role of group differences in exposure to neighborhood pollution, and differences in susceptibility to the effects of pollution, in explaining persistent racial and ethnic differences in health.