Child Maltreatment and Children's Trust

虐待儿童和儿童信托

• 批准号: 9088482
• 负责人: DANTE CICCHETTI CICCHETTI
• 金额: $ 58.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9088482
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Affective; Age; Area; Attention; Belief; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Child Development; Cognitive; Complex; Decision Making; Development; Developmental Process; Emotional; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Family; Foundations; Goals; Health; Heart; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Interpersonal Relations; Intervention; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Literature; Low income; Measurement; Memory; Mental Health; Mind; Mothers; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Persons; Plant Roots; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Problem behavior; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Risk Behaviors; Role; Schools; Secure; Security; Series; Social Adjustment; Social Development; Social Environment; Social Functioning; Social Interaction; Societies; Source; Stimulus; Symptoms; Translational Research; Trust; Variant; abuse neglect; adverse outcome; cognitive process; executive function; experience; insight; maltreated children; maltreatment; neurophysiology; operation; peer; research and development; self reliance; skills; social; social learning; theories; vigilance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Child maltreatment is a complex, insidious problem that exerts an astronomical toll on individuals, families, and society. Advancing knowledge regarding the early developmental processes that contribute to adverse outcomes in maltreated children is thus of high public health significance. The development of trust in young children is an expanding area of inquiry. In addition to further investigation of normative processes in trust competencies, limited research has been conducted to elucidate contributors to individual differences in trust development. Significantly, no research has investigated trust in maltreated children, despite the likelihood of trust capacities being jeopardized in these youngsters. Accordingly, research on emerging trust in maltreated children would address a critical barrier to understanding important, unstudied impairments in early social development that have crucial implications for subsequent interpersonal and relationship functioning in maltreated individuals, and consequent mental health liabilities. In the present application, we propose to recruit 300 36- to 42-month-old children from low income families; 150 children will have a history of child maltreatment and 150 will have no maltreatment history. The children and their mothers will participate in four laboratory sessions to assess components of epistemic trust, self- reliance vs. deference in trust decision-making, and source memory. The three epistemic trust tasks vary in terms of the degree of cognitive vs. socio-affective sources of information. Mother-child attachment security, theory of mind/false belief understanding, and inhibitory control also will be assessed. Additionally, separate Event Related Potential assessments will be conducted with stimuli yoked to that used in the three epistemic trust assessments. Accordingly, the measurements to be obtained constitute a multilevel assessment of diverse domains that are implicated in contributing to individual differences in the development of children's early trust capacities. Moreover, investigation of these domains holds great promise for identifying mechanisms that may contribute to difficulties that young maltreated children are likely to exhibit in the development of trust. Assessing the consequences of maltreatment occurring in the first three years of life on children's ability to develop trust in others has important implications for their social, interpersonal, and affective development, as well as subsequent mental health. The research also will greatly expand the understanding of normative trust development. This research will have important implications for public health. In addition to advancing knowledge regarding the multilevel developmental roots of early difficulties in trust development, the research will provide valuable direction for early prevention and intervention strategies. Given the multiple mechanisms that are likely to be identified in contributing to early, compromised trust development, insights into different intervention targets will be elucidated.

描述（由申请人提供）：虐待儿童是一个复杂、阴险的问题，对个人、家庭和社会造成了天文数字的损失。因此，增进对导致受虐待儿童不良后果的早期发育过程的了解具有很高的公共卫生意义。对幼儿的信任的发展是一个不断扩大的研究领域。除了进一步调查信任能力的规范过程之外，还进行了有限的研究来阐明信任发展中个体差异的贡献者。值得注意的是，没有研究调查对受虐待儿童的信任，尽管这些年轻人的信任能力可能受到损害。因此，对受虐待儿童中新兴信任的研究将解决理解早期社会发展中重要的、未经研究的损伤的一个关键障碍，这些损伤对受虐待个体随后的人际和关系功能以及随之而来的心理健康责任具有至关重要的影响。 在本申请中，我们建议招募300名来自低收入家庭的36至42个月大的儿童； 150 名儿童有虐待儿童史，150 名儿童没有虐待史。孩子们和他们的母亲将参加四次实验室课程，以评估认知信任、自力更生与自力更生的组成部分。 信任决策和源记忆的尊重。这三种认知信任任务在认知程度与社会情感信息来源方面有所不同。母子依恋安全、心理理论/错误信念理解和抑制控制也将成为 评估。此外，将使用与三个认知信任评估中使用的刺激相关的刺激来进行单独的事件相关潜力评估。因此，要获得的测量结果构成了对不同领域的多层次评估，这些领域涉及儿童早期信任能力发展的个体差异。此外，对这些领域的调查对于确定可能导致受虐待儿童可能表现出的困难的机制具有很大的希望。 在信任的发展中。 评估生命头三年内发生的虐待对儿童建立对他人的信任的能力的影响对于以下方面具有重要意义： 他们的社交、人际和情感发展，以及随后的心理健康。该研究还将极大地扩展对规范信任发展的理解。这项研究将对公共卫生产生重要影响。除了增进对信任发展早期困难的多层次发展根源的了解之外，该研究还将为早期预防和干预策略提供有价值的方向。鉴于可能会发现多种机制有助于早期、受损的信任发展，因此将阐明对不同干预目标的见解。