Child Maltreatment and Children's Trust

虐待儿童和儿童信托

• 批准号: 9088482
• 负责人: DANTE CICCHETTI CICCHETTI
• 金额: $ 58.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9088482
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Affective; Age; Area; Attention; Belief; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Child Development; Cognitive; Complex; Decision Making; Development; Developmental Process; Emotional; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Family; Foundations; Goals; Health; Heart; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Interpersonal Relations; Intervention; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Literature; Low income; Measurement; Memory; Mental Health; Mind; Mothers; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Persons; Plant Roots; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Problem behavior; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Risk Behaviors; Role; Schools; Secure; Security; Series; Social Adjustment; Social Development; Social Environment; Social Functioning; Social Interaction; Societies; Source; Stimulus; Symptoms; Translational Research; Trust; Variant; abuse neglect; adverse outcome; cognitive process; executive function; experience; insight; maltreated children; maltreatment; neurophysiology; operation; peer; research and development; self reliance; skills; social; social learning; theories; vigilance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Child maltreatment is a complex, insidious problem that exerts an astronomical toll on individuals, families, and society. Advancing knowledge regarding the early developmental processes that contribute to adverse outcomes in maltreated children is thus of high public health significance. The development of trust in young children is an expanding area of inquiry. In addition to further investigation of normative processes in trust competencies, limited research has been conducted to elucidate contributors to individual differences in trust development. Significantly, no research has investigated trust in maltreated children, despite the likelihood of trust capacities being jeopardized in these youngsters. Accordingly, research on emerging trust in maltreated children would address a critical barrier to understanding important, unstudied impairments in early social development that have crucial implications for subsequent interpersonal and relationship functioning in maltreated individuals, and consequent mental health liabilities. In the present application, we propose to recruit 300 36- to 42-month-old children from low income families; 150 children will have a history of child maltreatment and 150 will have no maltreatment history. The children and their mothers will participate in four laboratory sessions to assess components of epistemic trust, self- reliance vs. deference in trust decision-making, and source memory. The three epistemic trust tasks vary in terms of the degree of cognitive vs. socio-affective sources of information. Mother-child attachment security, theory of mind/false belief understanding, and inhibitory control also will be assessed. Additionally, separate Event Related Potential assessments will be conducted with stimuli yoked to that used in the three epistemic trust assessments. Accordingly, the measurements to be obtained constitute a multilevel assessment of diverse domains that are implicated in contributing to individual differences in the development of children's early trust capacities. Moreover, investigation of these domains holds great promise for identifying mechanisms that may contribute to difficulties that young maltreated children are likely to exhibit in the development of trust. Assessing the consequences of maltreatment occurring in the first three years of life on children's ability to develop trust in others has important implications for their social, interpersonal, and affective development, as well as subsequent mental health. The research also will greatly expand the understanding of normative trust development. This research will have important implications for public health. In addition to advancing knowledge regarding the multilevel developmental roots of early difficulties in trust development, the research will provide valuable direction for early prevention and intervention strategies. Given the multiple mechanisms that are likely to be identified in contributing to early, compromised trust development, insights into different intervention targets will be elucidated.

描述(申请人提供)：虐待儿童是一个复杂的、隐蔽的问题，对个人、家庭和社会造成天文数字的损失。因此，增进对导致虐待儿童不良后果的早期发育过程的了解具有很高的公共卫生意义。幼儿信任度的发展是一个不断扩大的研究领域。除了对信任能力的规范过程进行进一步调查外，还进行了有限的研究，以阐明导致信任发展个体差异的因素。值得注意的是，没有研究调查过对受虐待儿童的信任，尽管这些青少年的信任能力可能会受到损害。因此，对新出现的对受虐待儿童的信任的研究将解决理解早期社会发展中重要的、未经研究的损害的关键障碍，这些损害对随后受到虐待的个人的人际和关系功能以及随之而来的心理健康责任具有至关重要的影响。在本申请中，我们建议从低收入家庭招募300名36至42个月大的儿童；150名儿童将有虐待儿童的历史，150名儿童将没有虐待历史。这些孩子和他们的母亲将参加四个实验室会议，以评估认知信任、自力更生和 在信任决策和来源记忆方面的尊重。三种认知信任任务在认知信息来源与社会情感信息来源的程度上有所不同。母子依恋安全感、心理理论/错误信念理解和抑制性控制也将 评估过了。此外，将使用与三个认知信任评估中使用的刺激相关联的刺激进行单独的事件相关电位评估。因此，将获得的衡量标准构成了对不同领域的多层次评估，这些领域与儿童早期信任能力发展的个体差异有关。此外，对这些领域的调查为确定可能导致幼儿受到虐待的儿童可能表现出的困难的机制带来了很大的希望 在发展信任方面。评估在生命的前三年发生的虐待对儿童发展对他人的信任的能力的后果对以下方面具有重要的影响 他们的社交、人际关系和情感发展，以及随后的心理健康。本研究也将极大地拓展对规范性信任发展的理解。这项研究将对公共卫生产生重要影响。除了增进对早期信任发展困难的多层次发展根源的认识外，这项研究还将为早期预防和干预策略提供有价值的指导。鉴于可能被确定为促成早期、折衷的信任发展的多种机制，对不同干预目标的洞察将被阐明。