The contributions of personality and social relationships to late-life health: A twin study approach

人格和社会关系对晚年健康的贡献：双胞胎研究方法

• 批准号: 9151825
• 负责人: Robert F Krueger
• 金额: $ 53.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9151825
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Country; DNA Maintenance; Data; Disease; Disease susceptibility; Disputes; Elderly; Endowment; Face; Family; Genetic; Genetic Processes; Genetic Variation; Health; Health Psychology; Health Status; Health behavior; Human Development; Individual; Individual Differences; Inflammatory; Intervention; Life Expectancy; Link; Marital Relationships; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Minnesota; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Neurotic Disorders; Obesity; Occupational; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Traits; Persons; Physical activity; Process; Registries; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Security; Shapes; Skin; Smoking; Social Environment; Social Network; Social isolation; Social support; Testing; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Variant; Work; age related; base; blood lipid; cigarette smoking; design; diet and exercise; drinking; experience; family genetics; improved; innovation; mortality; physical conditioning; response; satisfaction; social; trait

Age-related decline in physical health is one of the most pressing concerns our country faces. In the context of this important societal challenge, one of the major contributions of health psychology has been to demonstrate that variation in physical health is reliably associated with aspects of the person (i.e., individual differences in personality traits) as well as the key social contexts in which the person is embedded (i.e., the quality and nature of adults’ interpersonal experiences). For example, in predicting mortality, the effect size for the personality traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism are equal to, if not greater than low SES or low IQ1. Similarly, it has been noted that “social relationships…constitute a major risk factor for health—rivaling the effect of well established health markers such as cigarette smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids, obesity and physical activity”2 (p. 1). In short, that key intra- and interpersonal resources are reliably associated with health status is now not in dispute. Nevertheless, the degree to which these associations emerge from environmentally mediated processes amenable to intervention remains largely unknown because existing research cannot rule out the possibility that some of these associations might reflect the impact of confounds, including especially evocative genetic processes, that produce correlations between personality/interpersonal experiences and physical health3, 4. We propose to use an innovative co-twin control design to rule out potential genetic and family background confounds and thereby identify environmentally mediated connections linking both personality and interpersonal experiences in advancing age with physical health outcomes. To sidestep problems with correlated measurement error, we will use a multiple-levels-of-analysis approach to assessment, including: (a) self- and romantic partner-reports of personality, social support, and relationship satisfaction, (b) observations of marital interactions while participants’ autonomic nervous system responses are monitored continuously, and (c) measurement of health-related behaviors and both standard and early biological markers of health status. Moreover, we intend to do all of this in the context of a genetically informed research design. Though this has never before been done, it is critical in properly targeting interventions to improve health among older adults. More specifically, we will study whether the relation between individual/interpersonal differences and physical health is environmentally mediated by working with participants in the Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR) now in late life (800 twin pairs with their romantic partners, as applicable), a group that completed an assessment of personality previously (~28 years ago, when they were ~38 years old). The acquisition of these new measures from the MTR will allow us to address our specific aims: (Aim 1) to determine whether associations between both personality and relationship experiences in late life and physical health are environmentally mediated, (Aim 2) to identify mechanisms in the environmental pathways connecting personality and health, and (Aim 3) to test whether the effects of personality and relationship qualities extend to biological indicators of health risk.

与年龄相关的身体健康状况下降是我国面临的最紧迫的问题之一。在这样的背景下 对于这一重要的社会挑战，健康心理学的主要贡献之一就是证明 身体健康的变化与人的各个方面可靠地相关（即，个体差异） 人格特质）以及该人所处的关键社会环境（即品质和本质） 成人的人际经历）。例如，在预测死亡率时，人格特质的效应大小 责任心和神经质的程度等于（如果不大于）低 SES 或低 IQ1。同样，也曾 指出“社会关系……构成了健康的一个主要风险因素——其影响可与公认的 吸烟、血压、血脂、肥胖和体力活动等健康指标”2（第 1 页）。 简而言之，关键的内部资源和人际资源与健康状况可靠地相关，这一点现在没有争议。 然而，这些关联在环境介导过程中出现的程度 是否适合干预仍然很大程度上未知，因为现有研究不能排除以下可能性： 其中一些关联可能反映了混杂因素的影响，包括特别令人回味的遗传因素 过程，产生个性/人际经历与身体健康之间的相关性3, 4。我们 建议使用创新的双胞胎控制设计来排除潜在的遗传和家庭背景 混淆并从而识别连接个性和人际的环境介导的联系 年龄增长与身体健康结果相关的经验。回避相关问题 对于测量误差，我们将采用多层次的分析方法来评估，包括：（a）自我和 浪漫伴侣——个性、社会支持和关系满意度的报告，(b) 婚姻观察 持续监测参与者的自主神经系统反应的同时进行互动，以及（c） 健康相关行为的测量以及健康状况的标准和早期生物标记。 此外，我们打算在遗传信息研究设计的背景下完成所有这一切。虽然这有 这是前所未有的，正确定位干预措施以改善老年人的健康至关重要。 更具体地说，我们将研究个体/人际差异与身体素质之间的关系是否 通过与明尼苏达双胞胎登记处 (MTR) 的参与者合作，健康受到环境调节 晚年（800对双胞胎及其浪漫伴侣，如适用），一组完成了评估 以前的性格（~28 年前，当时他们~38 岁）。这些新举措的出台 MTR 将使我们能够实现我们的具体目标：（目标 1）确定之间是否存在关联 晚年的人格和人际关系经历以及身体健康都受到环境的调节，（目标 2) 确定连接人格和健康的环境途径中的机制，以及（目标 3）进行测试 人格和人际关系质量的影响是否延伸到健康风险的生物指标。