Full Project II: The Betel Nut Intervention Trial (BENIT)

项目摘要/摘要 槟榔，也被称为槟榔，是人类最常食用的第四种精神活性物质。 世界，仅次于酒精、尼古丁和咖啡因的消费流行。虽然槟榔被咀嚼 全球约有6亿人，它的使用集中在南亚、东南亚和一些 太平洋岛屿。槟榔已被国际能源署列为第一类致癌物质 癌症研究。咀嚼槟榔与口腔和口咽癌、口腔病变、 口腔白斑，粘膜下纤维化，牙周病，咽癌和食道癌。 尽管槟榔具有全球意义和致癌作用，但很少有行为或 关于咀嚼槟榔的心理学研究，目前还没有关于槟榔咀嚼的系统研究。 槟榔停用干预措施。这项拟议的研究直接建立在我们之前的研究基础上。我们的调查 数据表明，咀嚼槟榔的人和吸烟者一样，一般想要并打算戒烟，但没有明确的 他们将如何或何时退出的计划。此外，在我们的样本中，大多数咀嚼槟榔的人已经试图戒烟 在一个或多个场合。这些发现表明，咀嚼槟榔的人可以从戒烟中受益。 戒烟计划是仿效戒烟计划的。2014年，我们进行了一项可行性研究 槟榔戒烟计划。该计划很受欢迎，并产生了令人惊讶的高自主率 据报道，槟榔停用了。 我们的主要目标是测试以小组为基础的强化槟榔戒断计划的有效性。槟榔 戒烟将通过使用我们先前研究中开发的生物标记物进行生物验证。参与者 (n=324)是来自关岛和塞班岛的槟榔咀嚼者，他们愿意尝试停止咀嚼。 参与者将被随机分配到强化干预条件或最低限度干预条件下 控制条件。干预条件下的参与者将接受以小组为基础的戒烟计划 在22天的时间里，包括五个小时的疗程，以及一本关于戒烟建议的小册子 槟榔。在控制条件下的参与者将收到一本小册子，其中包含关于戒除槟榔的建议。这个 建议的干预试验将使我们能够评估干预的1个月和6个月的有效性。 与最低限度的控制干预相比。我们假设强化的槟榔停用干预措施 与6个月的最低控制条件相比，将产生显著更高的戒断率 后续评估。

Project Summary/Abstract Areca nut, also known as betel nut, is the fourth most commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world, following only alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine in prevalence of consumption. Although betel nut is chewed by approximately 600 million people globally, its use is concentrated in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands. Betel nut has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Betel nut chewing has been associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, oral lesions, oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, gum disease, and cancer of the pharynx and esophagus. Despite the global significance and carcinogenicity of betel nut, there has been very little behavioral or psychological research about betel nut chewing, and there has been no systematic research on the topic of betel nut cessation interventions. The proposed research builds directly upon our prior research. Our survey data suggest that betel nut chewers, like smokers, generally want and intend to quit, but do not have specific plans of how or when they will quit. In addition, most betel nut chewers in our sample already have tried to quit on one or more occasions. These findings suggest that betel nut chewers could benefit from cessation programs modeled after smoking cessation programs. During 2014, we conducted a feasibility study of our betel nut cessation program. The program was well received and yielded surprisingly high rates of self- reported betel nut cessation. Our primary aim is to test the efficacy of an intensive group-based betel nut cessation program. Betel nut cessation will be bio-verified by employing biomarkers developed in our previous research. Participants (n=324) will be betel nut chewers from Guam and Saipan who are willing to attempt to quit chewing. Participants will be randomly assigned either to an intensive intervention condition or to a minimal intervention control condition. Participants in the intervention condition will receive a group-based cessation program consisting of five hour-long sessions over the span of 22 days, as well as a brochure with advice about quitting betel nut. Participants in the control condition will receive a brochure with advice about quitting betel nut. The proposed intervention trial will allow us to assess the 1-month and 6-month efficacy of the intervention compared to a minimal control intervention. We hypothesize that the intensive betel nut cessation intervention will produce a significantly greater cessation rate compared to the minimal control condition at the 6-month follow-up assessment.