COMMUNICATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RISKS: A TRANSLATION OF RISK PREDICTION SCIENCE

沟通多种疾病风险：风险预测科学的转化

• 批准号: 9040117
• 负责人: Erika A Waters
• 金额: $ 33.86万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9040117
• 关键词: Aerobic; Affect; Affective; Assessment tool; Behavior; Cancer Science; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Cities; Clinical; Cognitive; Colon Carcinoma; Communication; Communities; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Descriptor; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Education; Effectiveness; Enrollment; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exercise; Fostering; Future; General Population; Guidelines; Health; Health Communication; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; Individual; Informal Social Control; Internet; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Mediator of activation protein; Minority Groups; Motivation; Outcome; Participant; Persons; Physical activity; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Public Health; Public Health Applications Research; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Design; Respondent; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Role; Sampling; Science; Severities; Source; Staging; Stroke; Target Populations; Testing; Text; Translating; Translations; Underrepresented Groups; Visual; Woman; base; behavior change; burden of illness; clinical application; design; disorder prevention; disorder risk; education research; ethnic minority population; experience; follow-up; health disparity; high risk; high school; improved; insight; malignant breast neoplasm; mathematical ability; meetings; member; motivated behavior; physical inactivity; prevent; primary outcome; racial and ethnic; research study; response; risk perception; secondary outcome; social; socioeconomics; theories; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemiology seeks to improve public health by identifying risk factors for cancer and other diseases. Yet, the public does not always use that information to make appropriate health decisions. One reason might be that, even though a single risk factor can affect the risk of multiple diseases, this information is seldom communicated in a way that optimizes people's understanding of the importance of engaging in a single healthy behavior. Helping people understand how a single behavior could affect their risk of multiple diseases could foster a more coherent and meaningful picture of the behavior's importance in reducing health risks, increase motivation and intentions to engage in the behavior, and eventually improve public health. The objective of this study is to translate epidemiological data about five major health consequences of insufficient physical activity (i.e., colon cancer, breast cancer [women], heart disease, diabetes, and stroke) into a visual display that conveys individualized risk estimates in a way that is understandable and meaningful to diverse lay audiences. The aims are to 1) Identify which combination of four risk communication strategies most effectively conveys risk estimates of five diseases associated with physical inactivity, and 2) Incorporate these strategies into a visual display and compare its effectiveness to alphanumeric text. The study design, including identification and prioritization of primary and secondary outcomes, was guided by health behavior theory. The sample will be comprised of approximately 50% members of racial/ethnic minority groups and 50% with no more than a high school diploma. Participants will be enrolled from two sources: the GfK Knowledge Networks Internet Panel (N=1130) and a large Midwestern city (N=392). Participants in Aim 1 will be randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions in a 2x2x2 full factorial design. The conditions will vary according the whether the risk estimate is conveyed as a qualitative descriptor (e.g., high risk) vs. a numerical estimate, the presence/absence of social comparison information (i.e., how their risk compares to the average person), and the presence/absence of risk reduction information. Aim 2 will utilize a randomized controlled trial. Primary outcomes for both aims will be risk comprehension and intentions to increase physical activity. Secondary outcomes will be cognitive and affective perceived likelihood, response efficacy, perceived severity, and worry (Aims 1 and 2), and engagement in physical activity at 90-day follow-up (Aim 2). Potential moderators (i.e., race/ethnicity, education, numeracy) and mediators (e.g., response efficacy) will be examined for both aims. Completing the aims will impact public health by providing: 1) a versatile visual display that can be adapted to communicate multiple health risks in several domains, 2) a functional risk assessment tool that can be integrated into individual, community, or clinical interventions, and 3) increased basic and applied scientific knowledge. This research may also contribute to the reduction of health disparities; its focus on understanding demographic moderators will increase the applicability of the display to underrepresented groups.

 描述（由申请人提供）：流行病学旨在通过识别癌症和其他疾病的风险因素来改善公共健康。然而，公众并不总是使用这些信息来做出适当的健康决定。一个原因可能是，即使一个单一的风险因素可以影响多种疾病的风险，但这种信息很少以一种优化人们对参与单一健康行为的重要性的理解的方式传达。帮助人们了解一种行为如何影响他们患多种疾病的风险，可以促进对该行为在降低健康风险方面的重要性的更连贯和更有意义的了解，增加参与该行为的动机和意图，并最终改善公共卫生。这项研究的目的是转换有关身体活动不足的五个主要健康后果的流行病学数据（即，结肠癌、乳腺癌[女性]、心脏病、糖尿病和中风）转化为视觉显示，以一种对不同的外行观众都能理解和有意义的方式传达个性化的风险估计。其目的是1）确定四种风险沟通策略的哪种组合最有效地传达与身体不活动相关的五种疾病的风险估计，以及2）将这些策略纳入视觉显示中并比较其有效性 转换为字母数字文本。研究设计，包括主要和次要结果的识别和优先顺序，以健康行为理论为指导。样本将由大约50%的种族/少数民族群体成员和50%的不超过高中文凭的成员组成。参与者将从两个来源招募：GfK知识网络互联网小组（N=1130）和中西部大城市（N=392）。目标1中的参与者将被随机分配到2x2 x2全析因设计中的八个实验条件之一。条件将根据风险估计是否作为定性描述符（例如，高风险）与数字估计，社会比较信息的存在/不存在（即，他们的风险与普通人相比如何），以及是否存在风险降低信息。目标2将采用随机对照试验。这两个目标的主要结果将是风险理解和增加体力活动的意图。次要结局将是认知和情感感知可能性、反应有效性、感知严重程度和担忧（目标1和2），以及90天随访时参与体力活动（目标2）。潜在的主持人（即，种族/民族、教育、算术）和中介（例如，将对这两个目标进行审查。完成这些目标将通过以下方式影响公共卫生：1）多功能视觉显示，可用于传达多个领域的多种健康风险; 2）功能性风险评估工具，可整合到个人、社区或临床干预措施中; 3）增加基础和应用科学知识。这项研究也可能有助于减少健康差距，其重点是了解人口调节器将增加显示代表性不足的群体的适用性。