Developmental changes in reward responsivity: Associations with depression risk markers

项目摘要/摘要：重度抑郁障碍是一种负担沉重的疾病，在 普通人口。尽管对抑郁症的风险和病因进行了大量研究，但与抑郁症相关的过程 人们对抑郁症的认识才刚刚开始。抑郁障碍的家族史和 发育状况是抑郁症的公认危险因素。抑郁父母的后代 患抑郁症的风险增加，青春期抑郁症患病率增加。然而，这些广泛的风险 都被认为是对抑郁症出现的远端影响。更近距离 这一过程需要进一步调查。减弱的奖赏反应性(RR)与 使用主观报告、客观行为和神经功能测量的研究中的抑郁。的 特别重要的是，RR与抑郁的危险因素有关，并受发育的影响 流程。具体地说，从不抑郁的父母的后代表现出对 奖励。研究还发现，在整个青春期，奖赏反应会正常增加。问题 关于抑郁症家族史如何影响青春期RR的发展以及 这些可能会如何影响青少年抑郁症状的发展。这些纵向过程有 之前没有进行过全面的审查。这项建议将适用于真正的发展 从精神病理学的角度研究抑郁症的风险。我们假设抑郁症的后代 父母将在青春期表现出奖励功能的减弱增加，并未能 证明奖励功能的正常增加将与紧急抑郁症状相关。 我们将结合高危后代和纵向发育方法来实现我们的目标。我们会 招募9-10岁(n=140)和12-13岁(n=140)青年。青少年参与者将使用自测问卷对RR进行评估 以及家长报告、行为表现和神经成像方法。我们的期望是， 抑郁的父母会表现出奖励反应的减弱增加，这一发展 这种变化会伴随着抑郁症状的出现。这是第一个研究项目 使用纵向设计检验抑郁的家庭风险状况与发育之间的相互作用 包括严格的行为和神经成像组件。这项工作的成果将具有强大的 在过渡到和通过的过程中理解RR发展的时间和性质的影响 青春期。延展性时期的确定将允许确定何时处于发展阶段 干预努力可能针对RR，以防止抑郁障碍的发展。我们的工作也将 确定将牵涉到预防的减弱奖励反应性发展的具体机制 努力，包括个别认知和情感和/或育儿干预，以及何时这些干预 可能是最成功的。这将导致抑郁症的公共卫生负担减轻。

Project Summary/Abstract: Major depressive disorder is a burdensome disease that is prevalent in the general population. Despite much research on risk for and etiology of depression, processes related to the development of depression are only beginning to be understood. Family history of depressive disorders and developmental status are well established risk factors for depressive disorders. Offspring of depressed parents are at increased risk for depression and depression rates increase in adolescence. However, these broad risks have been considered individually and as distal influences on the emergence of depression. More proximal processes require further investigation. Attenuated reward responsivity (RR) has been linked to the etiology of depression in studies using subjective report, objective behavioral, and neural functioning measures. Of particular importance, RR is related to risk factors for depression and is influenced by developmental processes. Specifically, never depressed offspring of depressed parents demonstrate attenuated responses to reward. Studies also find that reward responsiveness normatively increases across adolescence. Questions emerge concerning how family history of depression may influence the development of RR in adolescence and how these may influence the development of youth depressive symptoms. These longitudinal processes have not been comprehensively examined previously. This proposal will apply a true developmental psychopathology perspective in examining risk for depression. We hypothesize that offspring of depressed parents will demonstrate attenuated increases in reward function during adolescence and failure to demonstrate normative increases in reward function will be associated with emergent depressive symptoms. We will combine high-risk offspring and longitudinal developmental methods to address our aims. We will recruit 9-10 (n = 140) and 12-13 (n = 140) year old youth. Youth participants will be assessed on RR using self- and parent-reports, behavioral performance, and neuroimaging methods. Our expectation is that offspring of depressed parents will demonstrate attenuated increases in reward responsiveness and this developmental change will be associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms. This is the first research program to examine the interplay between family risk status for depression and development using a longitudinal design and including rigorous behavioral and neuroimaging components. The results of this work will have powerful implications for understanding the timing and nature of the development of RR in the transition to and through adolescence. Identification of periods of malleability will permit identification of when in development intervention efforts may target RR to prevent the development of depressive disorders. Our work will also identify specific mechanisms of attenuated reward responsivity development that will implicate prevention efforts, including individual cognitive and affective and/or parenting interventions and when these interventions may be most successful. This will lead to the reduction of the public health burden of depressive disorders.