THE NEUROCOGNITIVE BASIS OF EFFORTFUL LISTENING

努力倾听的神经认知基础

• 批准号: 9103070
• 负责人: Jonathan E Peelle
• 金额: $ 54.47万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9103070
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; American; Americas; Anatomy; Anterior; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain imaging; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Dementia; Development; Elderly; Face; Felis catus; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Hearing; Imaging Techniques; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior frontal gyrus; Language; Lead; Left; Linguistics; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neurocognitive; Noise; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Productivity; Property; Public Health; Published Comment; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Restaurants; Risk; Role; Signal Transduction; Social isolation; Speech; Speech Perception; Support System; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Work; base; behavioral study; cognitive ability; cognitive process; cognitive system; cost; density; economic cost; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; improved; insight; lexical; phonology; relating to nervous system; sound; success; support network; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Approximately 36 million Americans report having some degree of hearing impairment. Hearing loss is associated with social isolation, depression, cognitive decline, and economic cost due to reduced work productivity. Understanding ways to optimize communication in listeners with hearing impairment is therefore a critical challenge for speech perception researchers. A hallmark of recent research has been the development of the concept of listening effort, which emphasizes the importance of cognitive processing during speech perception: Listeners with hearing impairment can often understand spoken language, but with increased cognitive effort, taking resources away from other processes such as attention and memory. Unfortunately, the specific cognitive processes that play a role in effortful listening remain poorly understood. The goal of the current research is to provide a more specific account of the neural and cognitive systems involved in effortful listening, and investigate how these factors affect speech comprehension. The studies are designed around a framework of lexical competition, which refers to how listeners select a correct target word from among the possible words they may have heard (Was that word "cap" or "cat"?). Lexical competition is influenced by properties of single words (words that sound similar to many others, like "cat", are more difficult to process), the acoustic signal (poorer acoustic clarity makes correct identification more difficult), and individual differences in cognitive processing (lower inhibitory ability makes incorrect targets more likely to be perceived). Neuroanatomically, these processes are supported by dissociable regions of temporal and frontal cortex, consistent with a large-scale cortical network that supports speech comprehension. Importantly, individual differences in both hearing impairment and cognitive ability interact with the type of speech being processed to determine the level of success a listener will have in understanding speech. The current research will involve collecting measures of hearing and cognition in all participants to investigate how individual differences in these measures impact speech perception. Converging evidence from behavioral studies, eyetracking, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to explore the cognitive and neural basis of speech perception. Aim 1 evaluates the relationship between lexical competition and listening effort during speech perception. Aim 2 characterizes multiple cognitive processes involved in processing degraded speech. Aim 3 assesses how individual differences in hearing and cognition predict speech perception, relying on a framework of lexical competition to inform theoretical interpretation. These studies will show a relationship between lexical competition and the cognitive processes engaged when processing degraded speech, providing a theoretically-motivated framework to better explain the challenges faced by both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.

 描述（由申请人提供）：大约有3600万美国人报告有一定程度的听力障碍。听力损失与社会孤立，抑郁，认知能力下降以及工作效率降低造成的经济成本有关。因此，理解如何优化听力障碍听众的沟通是言语感知研究人员面临的一个关键挑战。最近研究的一个标志是听力努力概念的发展，它强调了认知处理在言语感知过程中的重要性：听力障碍的听众通常可以理解口语，但随着认知努力的增加，从注意力和记忆等其他过程中占用了资源。不幸的是，在努力中发挥作用的特定认知过程 倾听仍然不被理解。本研究的目的是提供一个更具体的解释，涉及努力倾听的神经和认知系统，并调查这些因素如何影响言语理解。这些研究是围绕词汇竞争的框架设计的，词汇竞争指的是听者如何从他们可能听到的单词中选择一个正确的目标词（这个词是“帽子”还是“猫”？）。词汇竞争受单个单词的特性（听起来与许多其他单词相似的单词，如“猫”，更难处理），声学信号（较差的声学清晰度使正确识别更加困难）以及认知处理中的个体差异（较低的抑制能力使不正确的目标更容易被感知）的影响。从神经解剖学上讲，这些过程是由颞叶和额叶皮层的可分离区域支持的，这与支持语音理解的大规模皮层网络一致。重要的是，听力障碍和认知能力的个体差异与正在处理的语音类型相互作用，以确定听者在理解语音方面的成功程度。目前的研究将涉及收集所有参与者的听力和认知指标，以调查这些指标的个体差异如何影响言语感知。来自行为研究、眼动追踪和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的证据将用于探索言语感知的认知和神经基础。目的1探讨言语感知过程中词汇竞争与听力努力之间的关系。目标2描述了处理退化语音的多个认知过程。目标3评估听力和认知的个体差异如何预测言语感知，依靠词汇竞争的框架来告知理论解释。这些研究将展示词汇竞争与处理退化语音时所参与的认知过程之间的关系，提供一个理论上有动机的框架，以更好地解释听力正常和听力受损的听众所面临的挑战。