NEURAL SYSTEMS SUPPORTING SPEECH PROCESSING IN LISTENERS WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

支持人工耳蜗听者语音处理的神经系统

• 批准号: 9317630
• 负责人: Jonathan E Peelle
• 金额: $ 19.06万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9317630
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; American; Anatomy; Attention; Auditory; Auditory system; Basic Science; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Complement; Comprehension; Custom; Data; Economics; Electroencephalography; Equilibrium; Equipment; Financial compensation; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hearing; Human; Imaging Techniques; Impaired cognition; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior frontal gyrus; Knowledge; Language; Left; Linguistics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Medical Device; Memory; Mental Depression; Morphologic artifacts; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Noise; Optics; Outcome Measure; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Productivity; Psyche structure; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Research Proposals; Resources; Role; Signal Transduction; Social isolation; Solid; Speech; Speech Perception; Support System; System; Technology; Temporal Lobe; Work; auditory deprivation; auditory processing; behavior measurement; behavioral outcome; clinical application; cognitive load; cognitive process; cognitive system; density; diffuse optical tomography; experience; experimental study; hearing impairment; imaging modality; implantation; improved; indexing; life time cost; medical implant; neuroimaging; novel; operation; optical imaging; prevent; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; restoration; speech processing; speech recognition; success; support network

Abstract Approximately 36 million Americans report having some degree of hearing impairment. Hearing impairment is associated with social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. The toll of hearing impairment is not only personal, but economic: For Americans who have hearing impairment, the lifetime cost is estimated to be $4.6 billion, mostly due to reduced work productivity. Listeners with hearing impairment can often understand spoken language, but with increased effort, taking cognitive resources away from other processes such as attention and memory. An important challenge is therefore to understand how the brain copes with a degraded speech signal and the cognitive processes that are most critical to successful comprehension. Adult listeners with cochlear implants are a unique group in which to investigate effortful listening: They have typically adapted to auditory deprivation for a period of years of profound hearing loss, followed by some degree of hearing restoration following implantation. Following increased auditory input due to cochlear implantation, the degree to which individual listeners are able to successfully recognize speech, especially in the presence of background noise, is extremely variable. Previous attempts to explain this variability in the context of underlying patterns of brain activity have been unsuccessful, in large part because the technical challenges associated with neuroimaging in the presence of an implanted medical device have prevented adequate localization of neural responses to speech. The goal of our research is to understand the cognitive systems that support speech recognition in listeners with cochlear implants and to use knowledge about these systems to improve behavioral outcomes. We do so using converging evidence from behavioral measures and functional brain imaging. We make use of high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a form of optical brain imaging that produces anatomically-localized indices of regional cortical activity. We will map the neural systems supporting speech comprehension in listeners with cochlear implants, which we expect to differ from those engaged by listeners with good hearing. We will then evaluate the degree to which neural markers of effortful listening can predict individual differences in speech recognition success in the presence of background noise. Together the findings will help ground our understanding of cochlear implant-aided speech recognition in a neuroanatomically-constrained framework and develop more accurate outcome measures.

抽象的 大约有3600万美国人报告有一定程度的听力障碍。听力障碍是 与社会隔离，抑郁和认知能力下降有关。听力障碍不仅是 个人，但经济：对于有听力障碍的美国人，终身费用估计为4.6美元 十亿，主要是由于工作效率降低。听力障碍的听众通常可以理解 口语，但随着努力的增加，认知资源从其他过程（例如 注意力和记忆。因此，一个重要的挑战是了解大脑如何应对降解 语音信号和对成功理解至关重要的认知过程。成人听众 与人工耳蜗是一个独特的群体，可以在其中调查努力的聆听：他们通常已经适应了 多年来的听力损失，随后是一定程度的听力 植入后的恢复。随着人工耳蜗引起的听觉输入增加之后，该程度 单个听众能够成功地识别演讲，尤其是在 背景噪声是极其可变的。以前尝试在 大脑活动的潜在模式一直没有成功，这在很大程度上是因为技术挑战 在植入医疗设备的存在下与神经影像有关 神经对语音的反应的定位。我们研究的目的是了解认知系统 支持在具有人工耳蜗的听众中识别语音识别，并使用有关这些系统的知识 改善行为结果。我们使用行为措施的融合证据和 功能性脑成像。我们利用高密度扩散光学断层扫描（HD点），一种光学形式 大脑成像产生了区域皮质活性的解剖学指标。我们将绘制神经 在使用人工耳蜗的听众中支持语音理解的系统，我们希望这与 那些听取良好的听众参与的人。然后，我们将评估哪种神经标记的程度 努力的聆听可以预测在存在的情况下， 背景噪音。这些发现将有助于我们理解对人工耳蜗的理解 在神经解剖学约束的框架中识别并制定更准确的结果指标。