NEURAL SYSTEMS SUPPORTING SPEECH PROCESSING IN LISTENERS WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

支持人工耳蜗听者语音处理的神经系统

• 批准号: 9317630
• 负责人: Jonathan E Peelle
• 金额: $ 19.06万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9317630
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; American; Anatomy; Attention; Auditory; Auditory system; Basic Science; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Complement; Comprehension; Custom; Data; Economics; Electroencephalography; Equilibrium; Equipment; Financial compensation; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hearing; Human; Imaging Techniques; Impaired cognition; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior frontal gyrus; Knowledge; Language; Left; Linguistics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Medical Device; Memory; Mental Depression; Morphologic artifacts; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Noise; Optics; Outcome Measure; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Productivity; Psyche structure; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Research Proposals; Resources; Role; Signal Transduction; Social isolation; Solid; Speech; Speech Perception; Support System; System; Technology; Temporal Lobe; Work; auditory deprivation; auditory processing; behavior measurement; behavioral outcome; clinical application; cognitive load; cognitive process; cognitive system; density; diffuse optical tomography; experience; experimental study; hearing impairment; imaging modality; implantation; improved; indexing; life time cost; medical implant; neuroimaging; novel; operation; optical imaging; prevent; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; restoration; speech processing; speech recognition; success; support network

Abstract Approximately 36 million Americans report having some degree of hearing impairment. Hearing impairment is associated with social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. The toll of hearing impairment is not only personal, but economic: For Americans who have hearing impairment, the lifetime cost is estimated to be $4.6 billion, mostly due to reduced work productivity. Listeners with hearing impairment can often understand spoken language, but with increased effort, taking cognitive resources away from other processes such as attention and memory. An important challenge is therefore to understand how the brain copes with a degraded speech signal and the cognitive processes that are most critical to successful comprehension. Adult listeners with cochlear implants are a unique group in which to investigate effortful listening: They have typically adapted to auditory deprivation for a period of years of profound hearing loss, followed by some degree of hearing restoration following implantation. Following increased auditory input due to cochlear implantation, the degree to which individual listeners are able to successfully recognize speech, especially in the presence of background noise, is extremely variable. Previous attempts to explain this variability in the context of underlying patterns of brain activity have been unsuccessful, in large part because the technical challenges associated with neuroimaging in the presence of an implanted medical device have prevented adequate localization of neural responses to speech. The goal of our research is to understand the cognitive systems that support speech recognition in listeners with cochlear implants and to use knowledge about these systems to improve behavioral outcomes. We do so using converging evidence from behavioral measures and functional brain imaging. We make use of high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a form of optical brain imaging that produces anatomically-localized indices of regional cortical activity. We will map the neural systems supporting speech comprehension in listeners with cochlear implants, which we expect to differ from those engaged by listeners with good hearing. We will then evaluate the degree to which neural markers of effortful listening can predict individual differences in speech recognition success in the presence of background noise. Together the findings will help ground our understanding of cochlear implant-aided speech recognition in a neuroanatomically-constrained framework and develop more accurate outcome measures.

抽象的 大约 3600 万美国人报告有一定程度的听力障碍。听力障碍是 与社会孤立、抑郁和认知能力下降有关。听力障碍造成的损失不仅 个人的，但经济的：对于有听力障碍的美国人来说，终生成本估计为 4.6 美元 亿美元，主要是由于工作生产力下降。有听力障碍的听众通常可以听懂 口语，但随着努力的增加，将认知资源从其他过程中夺走，例如 注意力和记忆力。因此，一个重要的挑战是了解大脑如何应对退化的情况。 语音信号和对于成功理解最关键的认知过程。成人听众 人工耳蜗植入者是一个独特的群体，可以在其中研究努力聆听：他们通常已经适应了 多年的听力剥夺，严重听力损失，随后出现一定程度的听力损失 植入后恢复。由于人工耳蜗植入导致听觉输入增加后，程度 个别听众能够成功识别语音，尤其是在有其他人在场的情况下 背景噪音变化极大。先前尝试解释这种变化的背景 大脑活动的基本模式一直不成功，很大程度上是因为技术挑战 在存在植入医疗设备的情况下与神经影像学相关的预防措施已阻止了足够的 对语音的神经反应的定位。我们研究的目标是了解认知系统 支持植入人工耳蜗的听众的语音识别并使用有关这些系统的知识 改善行为结果。我们使用来自行为测量的综合证据来做到这一点 功能性脑成像。我们利用高密度漫射光学断层扫描 (HD-DOT)，这是一种光学形式 脑成像可产生区域皮质活动的解剖学定位指数。我们将绘制神经网络图 支持植入人工耳蜗的听众的言语理解的系统，我们预计该系统与 那些由听力良好的听众参与的人。然后我们将评估神经标记的程度 努力倾听可以预测在存在人的情况下语音识别成功的个体差异 背景噪音。这些发现将有助于加深我们对人工耳蜗辅助语音的理解 在神经解剖学限制的框架中进行识别并制定更准确的结果测量。