Information in Limited-Capacity Neural Codes

有限容量神经代码中的信息

• 批准号: 8957914
• 负责人: JENNIFER M GROH
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8957914
• 关键词: Affect; Algorithms; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Binaural; Biological Models; Brain; Central Auditory Processing Disorder; Code; Cognition; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Disease; Ear; Electrodes; Exhibits; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Health; Human; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Lead; Light; Location; Maps; Mind; Monkeys; Motor Skills; Nature; Neurons; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Population; Presbycusis; Primates; Process; Psyche structure; Research; Resources; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Side; Signal Transduction; Sorting - Cell Movement; Sound Localization; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Work; auditory pathway; awake; hazard; insight; interest; meter; millisecond; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; research study; segregation; skills; sound; sound frequency

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many things happen at once - there are always abundant stimuli to be perceived, items to be remembered, and courses of action to be planned. Considerable research on attention has explored how our limited-capacity brains screen out the onslaught. The flip side of this problem is that sometimes information about multiple stimuli must be preserved despite limitations in processing capacity. This proposal explores potential brain mechanisms capable of preserving multiple auditory items of information simultaneously. We seek to understand how different types of neural codes accomplish this feat. We focus on sound location, which is critical for communicating and avoiding hazards in complex scenes. Localizing multiple sounds involves two types of codes in auditory brain areas: a firing-rate code for horizontal sound location which is superimposed on a map for sound frequency. A critical limitation of the firing- rate code for location, however, is that the representation of multiple iems would appear to be impossible because neurons cannot discharge at more than one firing rate at a time. We will therefore investigate two possibilities: that the code preserves multiple items via segregation into different hills of activity as afforded by the associated frequency map (aim 1), and that the code preserves multiple items by some form of switching behavior, in which individual neurons encode only one stimulus at a time but multiple sounds are represented at the population level and/or across time (aim 2). These experiments will be carried out in the inferior colliculus (IC), an essential processing stage of the auditory pathway: nearly all information reaching higher auditory areas must pass through this structure. Thus, what the IC can encode places boundary conditions on the information that is available to subsequent stages of processing. We will conduct single and multiple electrode recordings of spiking and local field potential activity during performance of a task involving eye movements to multiple sounds. These experiments will yield important insights into many aspects of normal perception and cognition as well as related disorders. The ability to keep multiple items in mind is central t communication, working memory, attention, and sensory-motor skills, and it may be adversely affected in disorders such as attention-deficit disorder, autism, central auditory processing disorder, and age- related hearing loss.

描述(由申请者提供)：许多事情同时发生--总是有大量的刺激需要感知，有很多东西需要记住，有行动的过程需要计划。大量关于注意力的研究探索了我们有限容量的大脑是如何屏蔽这种攻击的。这个问题的另一面是，有时关于多个刺激的信息必须保留，尽管处理能力有限。这项提议探索了能够同时保存多个听觉信息的潜在大脑机制。我们试图理解不同类型的神经编码是如何完成这一壮举的。我们将重点放在声音定位上，这对于复杂场景中的沟通和避免危险至关重要。定位多个声音涉及到听觉脑区的两种代码：水平声音位置的发射速率代码，它叠加在声音频率的地图上。然而，用于定位的放电速率代码的一个关键限制是，似乎不可能表示多个IEMS，因为神经元不能同时以多于一个的放电速率放电。因此，我们将研究两种可能性：代码保留多个项 该编码通过相关频率图(目标1)提供的分离到不同的活动丘陵，并通过某种形式的切换行为保存多个项目，其中单个神经元一次只编码一个刺激，但多个声音在种群水平和/或跨时间(目标2)被表示。这些实验将在下丘(IC)进行，这是听觉通路的一个基本处理阶段：几乎所有到达高级听觉区域的信息都必须通过这个结构。因此，IC可以编码的内容对后续处理阶段可用的信息设置了边界条件。我们将进行单电极和多电极记录，记录在执行涉及眼球运动到多个声音的任务期间的棘波和局部场电位活动。这些实验将对正常感知和认知以及相关障碍的许多方面产生重要的见解。记住多个项目的能力是沟通、工作记忆、注意力和感觉运动技能的核心，在注意力缺陷障碍、自闭症、中枢听觉处理障碍和年龄相关性听力损失等障碍中，这种能力可能会受到不利影响。