Influence of sex and 17-B-estradiol on metabolism and inflammation in skeletal muscle

1. 男性和女性在耐力运动中使用不同的燃料，与男性相比，女性燃烧的脂肪更多，碳水化合物和蛋白质更少。通过给男性补充雌激素（女性性激素），我们发现他们在运动时的代谢谱与女性相似。我们已经开始使用生化和分子分析在肌肉细胞水平上表征这些雌激素的作用，并希望使用全基因组分析（基因芯片）的强大方法进一步表征这些作用。我们还将使用缺乏雌激素受体的转基因动物来确定细胞受体在介导代谢作用中的作用。2. 剧烈运动（偏心）后，会出现肌肉损伤和炎症。尽管有类似的损伤，但女性的炎症反应较轻，但我们不知道这一观察结果背后的机制。雌激素可能直接或通过与肌肉上的受体相互作用，起到抗氧化剂的作用，从而改变细胞过程，保护细胞免受这种肌肉收缩的破坏作用。我们想用我们的男性雌激素给药模型和男性和女性的基因芯片实验来描述破坏性运动后肌肉的反应。总的来说，我们认为雌激素会使肌肉在运动过程中代谢效率更高，并减轻一些破坏性运动的影响。

1. Men and women use different fuels during endurance exercise with women burning more fat and less carbohydrate and protein as compared with men.  By giving estrogen (the female sex hormone) supplements to men, we found that they had a similar metabolic profile to that seen in women during exercise.  We have started to characterize these estrogen effects at the level of the muscle cell using biochemical and molecular analyses and would like to further characterize these effects using powerful methods of entire genome profiling (gene chips).  We will also use trangenic animals lacking the estrogen receptor to determine what role the cell receptor has in mediating the metabolic effects.  2. After very strenuous exercise (eccentric) there is muscle damage and inflammation.  In spite of similar damage, women have a lesser inflammatory response, yet we do not know the mechanism behind this observation.  It is possible that estrogen functions as an anti-oxidant directly or through interactions with receptors on the muscle to alter cellular processes that protect the cell from the damaging effects of this type of muscle contraction.  We would like to use our model of estrogen administration to men and the gene chip experiments in men and women to characterize the response in muscle after damaging exercise.  Overall, we feel that estrogen will make muscles more metabolically efficent during exercise and lessen some of the effects of damaging exercise.