Word meaning and sentence comprehension

词义和句子理解

• 批准号: 155704-2007
• 负责人: McRae, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 1.9万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362845
• 关键词: Word; meaning; sentence; comprehension

Language is a major part of what makes us human. The broad objective of my research is to understand how people interpret what they hear and read, how this knowledge develops in children, and how it becomes degraded due to brain impairments. My research is roughly divided into two parts. In one part, I and my collaborators study people's memory for the meaning of words that refer to living things such as dog, and nonliving things such as toaster. To do this, we use "neural networks", which are models of mental processing that are written as computer programs. We have built a series of neural networks that produce the meaning of words like toaster given how the word is spelled or pronounced. We study how our models work and then use that knowledge to come up with predictions that we test on human participants. This testing typically involves looking at the time it takes for people to answer questions like, "Does a shirt have a pocket?" or "Does the word dog refer to something you can touch?" We also damage our models by altering the program so that part of the simulated mind no longer works correctly. We then test whether the damaged model mimics the performance of people who have suffered brain damage.People's knowledge of the meaning of verbs like arresting and adopting is an important part of their ability to understand language. We study how verbs and nouns are linked to knowledge of events in memory, and how that knowledge is organized in our mind. We use both computer simulations and reading and listening experiments to gain insight into these processes.Although our work is primarily theoretical in nature, it has practical implications. Detailed theories of language comprehension help in developing better methods of teaching children how to listen, speak, read, and write. In addition, studying patients' performance and damaged models can provide important insights into these conditions. For example, it is possible to test different ways of retraining the models after they are damaged. These studies can then be used as a guide for developing rehabilitation programs after damage has occurred.

语言是使我们成为人类的重要组成部分。我研究的广泛目标是了解人们如何解释他们听到和读到的东西，这种知识在儿童中是如何发展的，以及它是如何因脑损伤而退化的。我的研究大致分为两部分。其中一部分，我和我的合作者研究了人们对生物（如狗）和非生物（如烤面包机）的单词的记忆。为了做到这一点，我们使用“神经网络”，它是用计算机程序编写的心理处理模型。我们已经建立了一系列的神经网络，根据单词的拼写或发音来产生单词的意思，比如toaster。我们研究我们的模型是如何工作的，然后利用这些知识得出预测，并在人类参与者身上进行测试。这个测试通常包括观察人们回答诸如“衬衫有口袋吗？”或“狗这个词指的是你可以触摸的东西吗？”我们也会通过改变程序来破坏我们的模型，使模拟思维的一部分不再正常工作。然后我们测试受损的模型是否能模仿遭受脑损伤的人的表现。人们对诸如“逮捕”和“采用”等动词意义的认识是他们理解语言能力的重要组成部分。我们学习动词和名词是如何与记忆中的事件知识联系起来的，以及这些知识是如何在我们的脑海中组织起来的。我们使用计算机模拟和阅读和听力实验来深入了解这些过程。虽然我们的工作本质上主要是理论性的，但它具有实际意义。语言理解的详细理论有助于开发更好的方法来教孩子们如何听、说、读和写。此外，研究患者的表现和受损模型可以为这些情况提供重要的见解。例如，可以测试在模型损坏后重新训练模型的不同方法。这些研究可以作为损伤发生后制定康复计划的指导。