Restoration of marine ecosystems under the impacts of fisheries and climate

渔业和气候影响下海洋生态系统的恢复

• 批准号: 140979-2007
• 负责人: Pitcher, Anthony
• 金额: $ 1.4万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363388
• 关键词: Restoration; marine; ecosystems; under; impacts

My research aims to assess and mitigate the impacts of fisheries on aquatic ecosystems; exploitation in aquatic food webs shifts the balance between schooling pelagic fishes and demersal fish, and hence affects the long-term sustainability of human fisheries. New approaches, methodologies and tools are employed as hypothesis testing engines. In particular my research focusses on how  historical reconstruction of past ecosystem states provides quantitative long-term management goals and a template against which management options can be evaluated. The work employs several types of dynamic numerical ecosystem modelling, including spatial models, that allows tests of hypotheses about how fisheries alter the trophic structure, habitat, species diversity, keystone species and life history characteristics of organisms in aquatic ecosystems. This methodology makes it possible to carry out thought-experiments, since real ones are both impractical andunethical. Historical case studies use spatial simulation techniques, including the recovery of fish and fisheries in depleted, overfished and polluted systems, the effects of no-take marine reserves, sectoral closures and human-made reefs. The work attempts to emulate important ecological processes in plankton dynamics, trophodynamics, habitat structure and life history parameters. Models are improved by challenging them with considerable amounts of data from surveys and experimental analyses. Parameter uncertainty is accounted by for Monte Carlo techniques while climate fluctuations are simulated using a range of environmental forcingfunctions at selected nodes in the ecosystem models; risks are evaluated using  semi-Bayesian Monte Carlo techniques. I am also further developing a multi-disciplinary rapid evaluation technique, termed "Rapfish", that uses non-parametric ordination and fuzzy logic to provide numerical scores, with confidence limits, that express compliance with stated management goals, such as sustainability, or compliance with international codes of conduct. Case studies come from a wide range of temperate, tropical and polar ecosystems.

我的研究旨在评估和减轻渔业对水生生态系统的影响;水生食物网的开发改变了鱼群中中上层鱼类和底层鱼类之间的平衡，从而影响了人类渔业的长期可持续性。采用新的方法、方法和工具作为假设检验引擎。特别是我的研究集中在如何历史重建过去的生态系统状态提供定量的长期管理目标和管理方案可以评估的模板。这项工作采用了若干类型的动态数值生态系统模型，包括空间模型，从而可以检验关于渔业如何改变水生生态系统中生物的营养结构、生境、物种多样性、关键物种和生活史特征的假设。这种方法使得进行思想实验成为可能，因为真实的思想实验既不切实际又不道德。历史案例研究使用空间模拟技术，包括枯竭、过度捕捞和污染系统中鱼类和渔业的恢复，禁止捕捞海洋保护区、部门关闭和人造珊瑚礁的影响。这项工作试图模拟浮游生物动力学，营养动力学，栖息地结构和生活史参数的重要生态过程。通过从调查和实验分析中获得大量数据来挑战模型，从而改进模型。参数的不确定性是占的Monte Carlo技术，而气候波动模拟使用一系列的环境forcingfunctions在选定的节点在生态系统模型;风险评估使用半贝叶斯Monte Carlo技术。我还在进一步开发一种称为“Rappish”的多学科快速评价技术，该技术使用非参数排序和模糊逻辑来提供带有置信限度的数字分数，以表示是否符合所述管理目标，如可持续性，或是否符合国际行为守则。案例研究来自广泛的温带、热带和极地生态系统。